skeletal system [bones] - unit 3

Question 1

7 bone classifications

Answer 1

appendicular, axial, long bone, short bone, flat bone, irregular bone, sesamoid bone

Question 2

type of bone classification. consist of the skull, ribcage, and backbones

Answer 2

axial skeleton

Question 3

type of bone classification. consist of the limbs, shoulders, and hips

Answer 3

appendicular skeleton

Question 4

type of bone classification. bone that’s longer then wide

Answer 4

long bone

Question 5

type of bone classification. bone that’s cuboidal-shape

Answer 5

short bone

Question 6

type of bone classification. plate-like bone

Answer 6

flat bone

Question 7

type of bone classification. weird-shaped bone

Answer 7

irregular bone

Question 8

type of bone classification. seed-shaped bone

Answer 8

sesamoid bone

Question 9

End of a long bone

Answer 9

Epiphysis

Question 10

Shaft of a long bone

Answer 10

diaphysis

Question 11

smooth white tissue that covers the epiphysis. where long bones come together to form joints

Answer 11

articular cartilage

Question 12

AKA the “growth plate” of a long bone.

Answer 12

Epiphyseal Plate

Question 13

Epiphyseal Plate is solid in ___

Answer 13

adults

Question 14

Epiphyseal Plate is called a cartilage plate during ______

Answer 14

child development

Question 15

the thin-sheet covering long bone

Answer 15

periosteum

Question 16

the thin-sheet lining the medullary cavity of a long bone

Answer 16

endosteum

Question 17

part of long bone containing bone marrow

Answer 17

medullary cavity

Question 18

bone tissue that has bone marrow in its spaces. provides bone with strength and lightness. sponge-like.

Answer 18

spongy bone tissue

Question 19

bone tissue that is solid with no spaces. provides bone with strength and weight.

Answer 19

compact bone tissue

Question 20

long bone grows in length in the

Answer 20

epiphyseal plate

Question 21

in long bone length growth: cartilage cells on ____ divide and form chondroblasts then new cartilage is made on the ___ while osteoclasts on ___ of plate break down old cartilage and form spongy bone.

Answer 21

epiphysis; epiphyseal; diaphysis

Question 22

long bone grows both in

Answer 22

length and width

Question 23

long bone grows in width in the

Answer 23

periosteum

Question 24

in long bone width growth: osteogenic cells in ___ divide and form new osteoblasts that then form new osteons on surface. osteoclasts of ____ breakdown wall of ____ _____ and expand it

Answer 24

periosteum; endosteum; medullary cavity

Question 25

a small protein secreted into the body which stimulates growth in long bone and cartilage

Answer 25

Human Growth Hormone (HGH)

Question 26

HGH is high during ____ and stops during ____ because of the increase of estrogen/testosterone.

Answer 26

childhood; puberty

Question 27

these cells in the periosteum form osteoblasts, which form new compact bone tissue, and osteoclasts, expand spongy bone tissue to grow other bone types

Answer 27

osteogenic

Question 28

4 types of bone cells

Answer 28

osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

Question 29

type of bone cell. stem cells in endosteum and periosteum. they form osteoblasts

Answer 29

osteogenic cells

Question 30

type of bone cell. immature bone cells

Answer 30

osetoblasts

Question 31

type of bone cell. mature bone cells. they maintain bone tissue

Answer 31

osteocytes

Question 32

type of bone cell. they breakdown bone and cartilage tissue. involved in bone growth repair.

Answer 32

osteoclasts

Question 33

structural unit of compact bone tissue (look like tree trunks). extend length of bone.

Answer 33

osteon

Question 34

central canal in the osteon. contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic

Answer 34

haversion canal

Question 35

the concentric rings of bone tissue matrix around the aversion canal in an osteon

Answer 35

lamellane

Question 36

the spaces between lamellane that house osteocytes in an osteon

Answer 36

lacunae

Question 37

tiny canals between neighboring lacunae in osteon. osteocytes have arm-like extensions through them. neighboring osteocytes connect via gap junction.

Answer 37

canonical

Question 38

ground substance in bone tissue matrix is made up of

Answer 38

calcium and phosphate crystals

Question 39

substance in bone tissue matrix that provides bone hardness and compression resistance.

Answer 39

ground substance

Question 40

allows the bone to bend (slightly) but not stretch

Answer 40

CT fibers

Question 41

two bone conditions

Answer 41

dwarfism and gigantism

Question 42

two types of dwarfism

Answer 42

pituitary dwarfism and achondroplasia

Question 43

condition of decreased bone growth during child development

Answer 43

dwarfism

Question 44

type of dwarfism. the pituitary gland doesn't produce enough HGH. bones and organs affected. uncommon.

Answer 44

pituitary dwarfism

Question 45

type of dwarfism. pituitary gland produces normal HGH levels but epiphyseal in long bones don't respond.

Answer 45

achondroplasia

Question 46

type of dwarfism. the pituitary gland produces normal HGH levels but epiphyseal in long bones don't respond.

Answer 46

achondroplasia

Question 47

condition of excessive bone growth caused by high levels of HGH.

Answer 47

gigantism

Question 48

change in shape, size, and strength

Answer 48

bone remodeling

Question 49

two hormones involved in bone remodeling

Answer 49

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Calcitonin

Question 50

bone remodeling is mediated by blood ____ and ____

Answer 50

calcium and hormones

Question 51

Hormone involved in bone remodeling. secreted by parathyroid glands in which inhibits osteoblast activity and increases osteoclast activity. (bone resorption)

Answer 51

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 52

Hormone involved in bone remodeling. secreted by thyroid gland. inhibits osteoclasts activity (bone deposition)

Answer 52

Calcitonin

Question 53

Calcitonin is secreted when there is an ___ of blood calcium

Answer 53

increase/exessive

Question 54

PTH is secreted when there is ___ blood calcium or ____ blood phosphate

Answer 54

low; high

Question 55

two processes of bone remodeling

Answer 55

bone resorption and bone deposition

Question 56

process of bone remodeling: the breakdown of bone tissue. usually on areas of bone lacking weight/stress

Answer 56

bone resorption

Question 57

process of bone remodeling: building of bone tissue. usually on areas of bone experiencing weight/stress

Answer 57

bone deposition

Question 58

levels of this mineral in blood determine where bone deposition or resorption occurs

Answer 58

calcium

Question 59

two bone diseases

Answer 59

Rickets (osteomalacia) and osteoporosis

Question 60

Blood clot forms in fracture site, fibro+chondro+osteo blasts enter site to form CT callous, osteoclasts breakdown CT callous while osteoblasts replace it with spongy bone, then they remodel site with compact bone tissue

Answer 60

bone fracture repair

Question 61

type of bone disease. fragile deformed bones in children resulting from low calcium/Vit. D. Called Osteomalacia in adults.

Answer 61

Rickets

Question 62

type of bone disease. occurs in old age where bones are porous/weak and have a high fracture risk. bone resorption out paces bone deposition.

Answer 62

osteoporosis