integumentary system - unit 2

Question 1

largest organ of the body

Answer 1

skin

Question 2

3 basic layers of the skin

Answer 2

epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

Question 3

the superficial layer of the skin

Answer 3

epidermis

Question 4

3 cell types of the epidermis

Answer 4

keratinocyte, basal cell, melanocytes

Question 5

cell making up epidermis. most abundant. squamous cells. filled with tough intermediate filaments called keratin and release lipids via exocytosis

Answer 5

keratinocytes

Question 6

cell making up epidermis. stem cell in bottom epidermis layer that functions to regenerate it.

Answer 6

basal cell

Question 7

cell making up epidermis. deep in the epidermis, produces melanin.

Answer 7

melanocytes

Question 8

an thick region of epidermis caused by friction

Answer 8

callous

Question 9

shedding of scalp keratinocytes caused by fungal infection

Answer 9

dandruff

Question 10

autoimmune disease where immune system misidentifies keratinocytes as microbes and kills them. (premature shedding)

Answer 10

psoriasis

Question 11

middle layer of skin. made of connective tissue.

Answer 11

dermis

Question 12

2 regions of the dermis

Answer 12

papillary and reticular

Question 13

top region of dermis. contains blood vessels, etc. and dermal paillae

Answer 13

papillary region

Question 14

fingerprints.

Answer 14

dermal paillae

Question 15

bottom region of dermis. dense irregular CT. provides skin with toughness

Answer 15

reticular region

Question 16

bottom layer of skin. made of adipose tissue

Answer 16

hypodermis

Question 17

3 factors of skin color

Answer 17

melanin, caratone, hemoglobin

Question 18

main factor of skin color. tan/brown protein made by melanocytes

Answer 18

melanin

Question 19

cells that function to absorb UV. produces different shades of melanin

Answer 19

melanocytes

Question 20

factor of skin color. an orange chemical type of Vitamin A.

Answer 20

caratone

Question 21

factor of skin color. red-colored protein found in blood.

Answer 21

hemoglobin

Question 22

an increase of melanin production. UV stimulates melanocytes to produce more melanin. (usually from sun)

Answer 22

sun tan

Question 23

small patch of skin where melanocytes produce an increase amount of melanin.

Answer 23

freckle

Question 24

a patch of skin where melanocytes produce an extremely high amount of melanocytes

Answer 24

mole

Question 25

a genetic condition where melanocytes dont produce melanin

Answer 25

albinism

Question 26

an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks and kills patches of melanocytes in skin

Answer 26

vitiligo

Question 27

"sun spot." caused by fungal infection that kills melanocytes.

Answer 27

tinea

Question 28

ink injected into the dermis

Answer 28

tattoos

Question 29

hair outside of skin

Answer 29

shaft

Question 30

part of hair that is inside the skin

Answer 30

root

Question 31

the sheath that holds hair in the skin

Answer 31

hair follicle

Question 32

the portion of hair follicle with basal cells and melanocytes

Answer 32

matrix

Question 33

muscles that make hair strands on end-smooth muscles

Answer 33

arrector pili

Question 34

nerves that are activated by hair movement

Answer 34

hair root plexus

Question 35

basal cells in hair matrix divide into new keratinocytes in the base of hair to produce more hair.

Answer 35

hair growth

Question 36

dark hair color has an

Answer 36

increase of melanin

Question 37

light hair color has a

Answer 37

decrease of melanin

Question 38

red hair color has a

Answer 38

modified form of melanin

Question 39

grey hair color has a mix of

Answer 39

white and colored hair

Question 40

white hair color has

Answer 40

no melanin

Question 41

straight hair type has a __ cross section

Answer 41

circle

Question 42

wavy hair type has a ___ cross section

Answer 42

oval

Question 43

curly hair type has a ____ cross section

Answer 43

curved oval shape

Question 44

"sebaceous glands." pouch-like glands that are connected to hair follicles

Answer 44

oil glands

Question 45

oil that is secreted from oil glands onto the hairs.

Answer 45

sebum

Question 46

2 types of sweat glands ("sudoriferous glands.")

Answer 46

eccrine and apocrine sweat glands

Question 47

type of sweat gland. found throughout skin. secretes clear/watery sweat containing dissolved salts and wastes.

Answer 47

eccrine sweat glands

Question 48

type of sweat gland. found in skin of armpits/groin/face/nipples. secretes milky-colored sweat containing eccrine sweat with more protein.

Answer 48

apocrine sweat glands.