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Anatomy and Physiology H > skin > Flashcards

skin Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

epidermal wound healing process

A
  • abrasion or minor burn
  • basal cells migrate across the wound
  • contact inhibition w/ other cells then stops migration
  • epidermal growth factor stimulates cell division
  • full thickness of epidermis results from further cell division
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2
Q

deep wound healing process

A

4 phases if reaches dermis

1) inflammatory phase
2) migratory phase
3) proliferative phase
4) maturation phase

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3
Q

inflammatory phase

A

clots unite wound edges and white blood cells arrive from dilated and more permeable blood vessels

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4
Q

migratory phase

A

regrowth of epithelial cells & formation of scar tissue thru fibroblasts

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5
Q

proliferative phase

A

completion of tissue formation from fibroblasts

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6
Q

maturation phase

A

scab falls off

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7
Q

first degree burn

A

only in epidermis (sunburn)

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8
Q

second degree burn

A

destroys epidermis and part of dermis
- fluid filled blisters separate epidermis and dermis
- epidermal derivatives are not damaged
- heals w/o grafting in 3-4 weeks but may scar

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9
Q

third degree burn

A

full thickness burn
- destroys epidermis, dermis, and epidermal derivatives
- damaged area is numb due to loss of sensory nerves

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10
Q

skin grafts

A

used when new skin cannot regenerate (stratum basale & stem cells are destroyed)

skin graft is covering of wound with piece of healthy skin
common place: buttocks, thigh

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11
Q

autologous skin

A

transportation of patients skin grown in culture

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11
Q

isograft

A

skin graft from twin

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11
Q

autograph

A

skin graft from self

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12
Q

rules of 9

A

way to determine extent of burns
- body is divided into 11 areas each representing 9% of total body surface area

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13
Q

problems of rules of 9

A
  • shock due to water, plasma, and plasma protein
  • circulatory & kidney problem from loss of plasma
  • bacterial infection
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14
Q

photodamage

A

ultraviolet lights (UVA & UVB) both damage the skin
- acute overexposure causes sunburn
- DNA damage can lead to skin cancer

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15
Q

UVA

A
  • longer wavelengths that penetrate deep into skin (layers under skin)
  • leads to skin inflammation and skin cancer
  • produces oxygen free radicals that damage collagen and elastic fibers (wrinkling in skin)
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16
Q

UVB

A
  • shorter UVB waves cause skin to burn
  • driver of skin ell mutations that cause skin cancer
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17
Q

skin cancer

A

1 million cases a year

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18
Q

3 most common types of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasize)
squamous cell carcinoma (may metastasize)
malignant melanomas (metastasize rapidly)

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19
Q

malignant melanomas

Study These Flashcards
A
  • most common cancer in young women
  • arise from melanocytes (life threatening)
  • key for treatment is ABCDE

risk factors: skin color, sun exposure, family history, age, & immunological status

20
Q

stages of melanoma

Study These Flashcards
A

0: melanoma confined to epidermal region of skin
1: localized disease, only in skin & v/ thin
2: localized disease, thicker than stage 1
3: spreads to lymph nodes
4: spreads to other organs

21
Q

ABCDE

Study These Flashcards
A

a (symmetry)
b (orders): uneven, jagged borders
c (colors): more than 1 color
d (iameter): larger than pencil eraser (1/4 in)
e (volving):suddenly changing in size, shape, color, etc

22
Q

shaft

Study These Flashcards
A
  • visible
  • medulla, cortex, cuticle
  • hs round in straight hair
  • hs oval in wavy hair
23
follicle
- surronds root - external root sheathe - internal root sheathe -base of follicle is bulb: blood vessels, germinal cell layer
24
root
below the surface
25
arrector pili
- smooth muscle in dermis contracts w/ cold or fear - forms goosebumps as hair is pulled vertically
26
hair root plexus
detects hair movement
27
sebaceous (oil) glands
secretary portion in the dermis (most open into hair shafts) - sebum - acne
28
sebum
- combination of cholesterol, proteins, fat, & salts - keeps hair and skin soft and pliable - inhibits growth of bacteria & fungi (ringworm)
29
acne
- bacterial inflammation of glands - secretions stimulated by hormones at puberty - antibiotics kill bacteria trapped in skin pores
30
eccrine sweat glands
duct to surface - most areas of skin - secretory portion in dermis w/ duct to surface - regulate body temperature w/ perspiration
31
apocrine sweat gland
duct to dermis hair follicle - armpit and pubic region - secretions more viscous ("milky")
32
cells in epidermis
- keratinocytes - melanocytes - langerhan cells - merkel cells - fibroblast cells
33
keratinocytes
- 90% - produce keratin - a fibrous protein protecting skin & tissue
34
melanocytes
- 8% - produces melanin pigment - melanin transferred to other cells w/long cell process - absorb uv rays and determines skin color
35
langerhan cells
from bone marrow, provides immunity
36
merkel cells
deepest layer, form light touch receptor w/ sensory neuron
37
fibroblast cells
produce fibrous protein called collagen
38
general function of skins
- regulation of body temp - protection as physical barrier - sensory receptors - exception and absorption - synthesis of vitamin d from uv rays
39
regulation of body temp
thermoregulation - perspiration and evaporation - dusting blood flow to body surface - shivering & constriction of blood vessels raises internal body temp
40
moderate exercise
more blood to surface to lower temp
41
extreme exercise
blood shunted to muscles, body temp rises
42
protection as physical barrier
- tight cell junctions prevent bacterial invasions - lipids released hinder evaporation - melanin & other pipgment protect against uv radiation - langerham cells alert immune system
43
sensory receptors
> touch - meissner's corpuscle > temperature (change) - termoreceptro > pressure - pacinian corpuscle > vibration - merkel cells > tickling & some pain sensations - nociceptor
44
excretion
- only a minor role played by skin - 400 mL evaporates daily - small amounts salt, co2, ammonia, & urea excreted
45
absorption
- lipid soluble substances cane absorbed thru skin - vitamin A,D,E,K, & oxygen and CO2 - acetone, & dry cleaning fluid, etc
46
synthesis of vitamin d
- sunlight activates precursor to vitamin d - enzymes in liver & kidney transform molecule into calcitriol (most active form of vitamin d) - necessary vitamin for absorption of calcium from food in the gastrointestinal tract
47
carotene
@ dermis - yellow-orange pigment (precursor of vitamin A) - stratum corneum and dermis
48
hemoglobin
- red, oxygen carrying pigment in blood cells - if other pigment not present epidermis is translucent (pinkness evident)`
49
age related structural changes
- collagen fibers decrease - elastic fibers less elastic - fibroblasts decrease in number - oil glands shrink and skin becomes dry - wall of blood vessels in dermis thicken, decreasing nutrient availability. this leads to thinner skin as subcutaneous fat is lost

Anatomy and Physiology H (8 decks)

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