Skin

Question 1

What causes chicken pox?

Answer 1

Varicella Zoster virus

Question 2

What are signs and symptoms of chicken pox?

Answer 2

Red spots - fluid filled and blister
Temp >37.5
Generally unwell

Question 3

What age does chicken pox affect?

Answer 3

Mainly children

Question 4

What is the treatment for chickenpox?

Answer 4

Rest
Hydrate
Soothing creams

Question 5

How infectious is chickenpox?

Answer 5

Infectious for 2 days pre spots and until crusted over (about 5 days)

Question 6

What is cause of scarlet fever?

Answer 6

Group A streptococcus - bacterial

Remember ScArlEtt - group A strEp

Question 7

What are symptoms of scarlet fever?

Answer 7

Pyrexia
Flu-like
Strawberry Tongue
Rash - like sandpaper

Question 8

What age range is affected in scarlet fever?

Answer 8

5-15 years old is most common

Question 9

What is treatment of scarlet fever?

Answer 9

Antibiotics such as penicillin or amoxicillin

Question 10

What is a complication of scarlet fever?

Answer 10

Rheumatic fever

Question 11

What is cause of impetigo?

Answer 11

Group A streptococcus OR staphylococcus auereus

Question 12

What are symptoms of impetigo?

Answer 12

Red itchy leaking sores
Any skin but mainly affects exposed areas like arms and legs
Common in summer when humid

Question 13

What age range is affected by impetigo?

Answer 13

2-5 y.o

Question 14

What is treatment for impetigo?

Answer 14

Topical and oral antibiotics

Question 15

What is atopic dermatitis also known as?

Answer 15

Eczema

Question 16

What is cause of atopic dermatitis?

Answer 16

Unknown. Thought to be linked to genetics/environment

Question 17

What is symptoms of eczema?

Answer 17

Itchy dry sensitive skin

Inflamed or discoloured

Question 18

What age can be effected by eczema?

Answer 18

Any age

Question 19

What is treatment for eczema?

Answer 19

No cure
Topical creams
Phototherapy
Immunosuppresants

Question 20

What is cause of Kawasaki disesse?

Answer 20

unknown but likely a bacterial trigger

Question 21

What are symptoms of Kawasaki disease?

Answer 21

Pyrexia > 5 days
Rash
Swollen LN
Red eyes, cracked lips

Question 22

What are phases of Kawasaki disease?

Answer 22

Acute 1-2 weeks
Subacute 3-4
Convalescent 4-6

Question 23

What ages are effected by Kawasaki disease?

Answer 23

<5 y.o

<1 y.o = more serious

Question 24

How many children are affected each year by Kawasaki disease?

Answer 24

8 in 100,000 children

Question 25

What is treatment for Kawasaki disease?

Answer 25

Hospital admission for IViG

Question 26

What is complication of Kawasaki disease?

Answer 26

Vasculitis - can get coronary aneurysms - about 25% of people get cardiac complications. If untreated then 2-3% can be fatal

Question 27

When is skin developed in utero?

Answer 27

Nearly complete in 4th month of gestation In 5th and 6th onto covered in mango (downy hair) Shed in 7th month

Question 28

What are main layers of skin?

Answer 28

Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis

Question 29

What is function of dermis?

Answer 29

Provide epidermis with nutrients and support

Question 30

What is dermis predominantly made of?

Answer 30

Collagen, fibrous protein and elastin. Also have fibroblasts, mast cells and macrophages Contains hair follicles, blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels, sebaceous glands and smooth muscle

Question 31

What is function of epidermis?

Answer 31

physical and chemical barrier to external environment

Question 32

How does epidermis get nutrition?

Answer 32

No direct blood supply | Get nutrition and o2 through diffusion from dermis.

Question 33

How thick is epidermis?

Answer 33

Newborn: 40-50mm thick Premature 20-25mm thick Grows with age - thicker in some places (eg feet), thinner in eyelids

Question 34

What is epidermis made from?

Answer 34

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium,

Question 35

When describing a rash - what are papule and nodules?

Answer 35

Bumps on skin - paupers small, nodules bigger - normally no bigger than 1cm e..g papule - molluscum contagiosum.

Question 36

What words can be used to describe a rash?

Answer 36

``` Papules Nodules Macules Patches Plaques Vesicles Bullae Erosions Ulcers Petechia Purpura ```

Question 37

What are macules and patches (skin)

Answer 37

Non-palpable changes to skin that just show colour change. Cannot be felt. Macules small and papules bigger - usually no larger than 1cm e.g. macule vitiligo small patch vitiligo large

Question 38

What are plaques (skin)?

Answer 38

Flat topped, palpable lesions - usually wider than tall - normally dry/scaly eg psoriasis

Question 39

What are vesicles and bullae? (skin)

Answer 39

Small or large blisters Can be difficult to diagnose and sometimes none intact Usually no larger than 1cm Vesicle usually <0.5cm (e.g. acute eczemaa blister) Bulla >0.5cm eg burn/friction

Question 40

What are erosions and ulcers (skin)

Answer 40

erosion involves epidermis only with dermis intact. Ulcers extend through dermis

Question 41

What are petchia and purpura (skin)

Answer 41

Red blood cells that have extravasated into the dermis so the lesions don't blanch with pressure. Usually have purple hue Purpura can be macular or palpable - if palpable the night be sign of vasculitis