Skin and Soft Tissues

Question 1

What is the keratinocyte transit time

Answer 1

40 - 56 days

Question 2

Factors that increase melanin production

Answer 2

1. uv radiation
2. estrogen
3. adrenocorticotropic hormone
4. melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 3

Also known as skin macrophages

Answer 3

langerhan’s cell - produce MHC II

Question 4

These are sweat producing glands located over the entire body but are concentrated in the palms, soles, axillae and forehead

Answer 4

eccrine glands

Question 5

pheromone producing glands found in the axillae and anogenital region

Answer 5

appocrine glands

Question 6

IVF extravasation is considered what type of burn

Answer 6

chemical burn

Question 7

most common cause of extravasation in adults

Answer 7

chemotherapeutic drugs

Question 8

most common site of extravasation in adults

Answer 8

dorsum of the hand

Question 9

most common cause of extravasation in infants causing necrosis

Answer 9

high concentration dextrose

Question 10

What causes pressure injury

Answer 10

1 hour of 60 mmHg pressure

Question 11

Normal pressure values

Answer 11

arteriole - 32 mmHg
capillary - 20 mmHg
venule - 12 mmHg
Sitting - 300 mmHg
Hospital Bed - 150 mHg

Question 12

Most important protective factor from UV related damage

Answer 12

melanin

Question 13

most common form of radiation exposure

Answer 13

solar or uv radiation

Question 14

treatment of cellulitis

Answer 14

oral antibiotics

Question 15

treatment of folliculitis

Answer 15

adequate hygiene

Question 16

treatment of furuncle

Answer 16

1. warm water to hasten liquefaction and rupture

2. incision and drainage

Question 17

treatment of carbuncle

Answer 17

1. incision and drainage

Question 18

It is a defect of the terminal follicular epithelium which leads to blockage of appocrine glands

Answer 18

hidradenitis suppurative

Question 19

treatment of hidradenitis suppurative

Answer 19

acute - warm compress, antibiotics, open drainage

chronic - wide excision with closure using skin graft or local flap

Question 20

It is a granulomatous suppurative bacterial disease and deep cutaneous infection that present as nodules and spread to form draining tracts. Pathognomonic is positive SULFUR granules within purulent specimen

Answer 20

actinomycosis

Question 21

treatment of actinomycosis

Answer 21

penicillin or sulfonamide

Question 22

It is a rapidly enlarginc, destructive, cutaneous necrotic lesion with undermined border and surrounding erythema; associated with a systemic disease 50% of the time

Answer 22

pyoderma gangrenosum

Question 23

Histopathology reveals cleavage plane in the GRANULAR layer of the epidermis

Answer 23

SSS

Question 24

Histopathology reveals structural defect at DERMOEPIDERMAL JUNCTION similar to a 2nd degree burn

Answer 24

SJS/TEN

Question 25

Most common location of dermoid cyst

Answer 25

eyebrow | -results from trapping of epithelium during fetal midline closure

Question 26

most common location of trichilemmal (pilar) cyst

Answer 26

scalp | -this cyst has NO granular layer

Question 27

Another name for achrochordon

Answer 27

skin tags

Question 28

usual location of dermatofibroma

Answer 28

legs and flanks tx: excision

Question 29

most common cutaneous lesion in infancy

Answer 29

hemangioma

Question 30

Flat dull red lesion often located on the trigeminal distribution on the face trunk or extremities

Answer 30

capillary malformation/ port wine stain assoc: sturge webber syndrome

Question 31

this is associated w ith von recklinghausen 's disease

Answer 31

neurofibroma

Question 32

These are solitary tumors arising from cells of the peripheral nerve sheath

Answer 32

neurileoma

Question 33

These are neural tumors that are solitary lesions of the skin or more commonly of the tongue

Answer 33

granular cell tumor

Question 34

most common type of skin cancer

Answer 34

basal cell carcinoma

Question 35

most common type of basal cell carcinom

Answer 35

nodulocystic/noduloulcerative

Question 36

characteristic lesion of the nodulocystic type of BCC

Answer 36

rodent ulcer - rolled, pearly borders surrounding a central ulcer

Question 37

Treatment of basal cell carcinoma

Answer 37

1. <2 mm - curettage, electrodeiccation, laser vaporization | 2. large tumors - surgical excision with 0.5 cm to 1 cm margin

Question 38

Treatment of basal/squamous cell carcinoma located in the cheek, nose or lips

Answer 38

MOH's surgery

Question 39

Where does basal cell carcinoma arise from

Answer 39

pluripotent basal epithelial cells of EPIDERMIS

Question 40

Where does squamous cell carcinoma arise from

Answer 40

epidermal keratinocytes

Question 41

name of in situ lesion of squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 41

1. bowens disease | 2. erythroplasia of queyrat - penis

Question 42

What are the ulcers called in burn scars

Answer 42

Marjolin's ulcer

Question 43

treatment of squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 43

1. excision with 1 cm margin | 2. regional LN excision if with palpable nodes or chronic wounds

Question 44

Malignant melanoma arise from

Answer 44

melanocytes

Question 45

what is the premalignant lesion of malignant melanoma

Answer 45

dysplastic nevi

Question 46

most common location of malignant melanoma

Answer 46

skin

Question 47

Subtypes of malignant melanoma

Answer 47

1. superficial spreading 2. nodular 3. lentigo maligna 4. acral lentiginous

Question 48

Most common subtype of malignant melanoma

Answer 48

superficial spreading

Question 49

Subtype of malignant melanoma with worse prognosis

Answer 49

acaral lentiginous

Question 50

subtype of malignant melanoma with best prognosis

Answer 50

lentigo maligna

Question 51

Treatment of malignant melanoma

Answer 51

1. melanoma in situ/lentigo maligna in face: 0.5 cm margin 2. 1 mm or less: 1 cm margin 3. 1 to 4 mm: 2 cm margin 4. more than 4 or (+) satellosis: 3 - 5 cm margin

Question 52

It is a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin

Answer 52

Merkel Cell carcinom

Question 53

Treatment of merkel cell carcinom

Answer 53

wide local resection with 3 cm margin + prophylactic LN dissection + adjuvant radiation

Question 54

These are rubbery bluish nodules that occupy primarily on the extremities, skin and viscera

Answer 54

kaposi sarcoma

Question 55

modulate cold sensation

Answer 55

krause' end bulb

Question 56

modulate sensitivity to warmth

Answer 56

ruffini's endings

Question 57

modulate sensation of pressure

Answer 57

pacinian corpuscle

Question 58

modulate tactile sensation

Answer 58

meissner's corpuscles

Question 59

modulate thermoregulation nerve

Answer 59

autonomic endings