Skin infections Flashcards
(36 cards)
prevalence of herpes simplex virus in childrfen
18-35% of children by 5yo
when should herpes simplex virus be treated promptly and with what
periobrital involvement
-eyes checkd for corneal involement which can cause scarring
treatment - acyclovir
-prophylaxi may be requied if reactivation becomes frequent
what condition can herpes simplex virus accompany in children and how does it present
children with atopic eczema (eczema herpeticum)
infeciton can become widespead and acute detreriation in the severiry of their eczema causing monomorphic punched out erosinos which can be painful
what causes impetigo
-who gets it
highly contagious skin infeciton caused by staph A
(occassionaly strep)
commonly seen in infants and young children
characterisitic features of impetigo 3
annular erythematous lesions w a honey coloured crust
when can impetigo become bullous
may become bullous as a result of cleaving of the epidermis by exfoliative staph endotoxins
management priciples of impetigo
swabbed and paretns advised hwo to reduce spread
-avoid sharing towels and bathing with other children
treatment of impetigo 3
topical antiseptic (cream) in bath
-also apply directly to affected areas
if only a few lesions consider topical ABx
if multiple lesions
oral ABx
Fluclox - first choice
how is molluscum contagiosum characterised
small pearl umbilicated papules on the skin of children
who gets molluscum contagiosum 2
agd 4-9
often more sever in children with eczeema and worse in flexural sites where lesiosn can become infected
cause of molluscum contagiosum
DNA Pox virus
management of molluscum contagiosum 2
become inflamed and then resolve oer 18mnths or more
no treatment gnerally required
-topical antiseptics may prevent them becoming infected
how to get rid of molluscum contagiosum quicker 4
physically irritated
-rubbing
-piercing
-cryotherapy
chemically
-salicylic acid
how does scabies present in infants compared to adults
extremely itchy rash simlar to adults
difference is with burrows that are commonly present in adults -these typical burrows are not present on the skin but appear:
-on the soles of the feet. (not usually seen in adults)
can also manifest as nodules in warm moist areas such as axilla, umbililicsu groin or penis
WHOLE FAMILY AND CARERS SHOULD BE TREATED
treatment for scabies 2
permethrin
malathion
why is tinea capatis increasing in incidence s
result of increaed immigration from african and carribean contunres where the incidence is higher
main causal organism of tinea capatis 2
tricopyton tonsurans
-less commonly trichophyton violaceum
how can tinea capatis present
spectrum can be:
-diffuse scales
-patchy alopecia w black dots (broken hairs)
-widespread pusutules associated with lymphadenopathy
define a kerion in relation to tinea capatis
-what is this associated with in this condition
kerion- inflammatory pus filled abscess that sometimes oozes
can cause lymphadenopathy and can breakdown to leave a huge ulcer that scars
how is tinea capatis diagnosed
micropscopy and cultures of scapring or brushgin from the scalp
management of tinea capatis 3
ketoconazole shampoo help prevent spread to toerh children
but not a recongised treatment
oral griseofulvin
-licesned but cuasuses nausae
terbinafine (unlicensed)
-is most effective
review after four weeks and rescpra/contiuunue treatment if still clinically affected
presentation of uritcaria 2
itchy papules (hives)
and pplaques which demonstrate a wheal and flare ( where the papule is white with surrounding eythema)
what causes these lesions in uritcaria
-how does this cause swelling
histamine release from mast cells in the skin which have degranulated after stimulation by a trigger
-the histamine causes vasodilation of the blood vessels (hence erythema) and leakage of fluid from the capillaries causing swelling in the skin
timeframe for acute uritcaria
less than 6-8 weeks
