Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 - Theme 1 > Skull and cranial cavity > Flashcards

Skull and cranial cavity Flashcards

1
Q

How many layers does the scalp consist of?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the innervation of the scalp

A

Trigeminal nerve(V) and spinal cutaneous nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the bones of the neurocranium?

A

Occipital, two temporal, two parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid and frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the bones of the viscerocranium?

A

Two nasal conchae, two nasal bones, two maxilla, two palatine, two zygomatic, two lacrimal, vomer and mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the extra bones in the skull called?

A

Wormian bones(sutural bones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why are wormian bones also called sutural bones?

A

They are called sutural bones because they can occur within a suture(joint) in the cranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the base of the skull divided into in terms of foramina?

A

Anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the main foramina of the skull

A
  • Cribiform plate
  • Optic canal
  • Superior orbital fissure
  • Foramen rotundum
  • Foramen ovale
  • Foramen spinosum
  • Internal acoustic meatus
  • Stylomastoid foramen
  • Foramen lacerum
  • Jugular foramen
  • Hypoglossal canal
  • Foramen magnum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the names of the meningeal layers?

A
  • Dura mater
  • Arachnoid mater
  • Pia mater
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the functions of the meninges?

A
  • Protection
  • Support network for blood vessels
  • Form a fluid-filled cavity for cushion and nourish the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

A
  • Endosteal layer

- Meningeal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the meningeal layer of the dura mater surround?

A
  • The brain and spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the endosteal layer surround?

A
  • Only the skull
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the dura mater innervated by?

A
  • CN V, X, C1-3 and sympathetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the middle meningeal artery enter through?

A
  • Foramen spinosum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the foramen spinosum located?

A
  • The base of the human skull on the sphenoid bone
17
Q

How is trauma to the head likely to affect the middle meningeal artery?

A

Can cause an extradural hematoma

18
Q

What is an extradural haematoma?

A
  • Also known as epidural haematoma
  • Is a collection blood between the endosteal layer of the dura and the inner surface of the skull
  • They are usually associated with a history of head trauma and frequently associated skull fracture
19
Q

What can the dura mater split to form?

A

A venous dural sinus

20
Q

How is the meningeal layer of dura arranged?

A
  • Arranged in a series of folds/septa which divide the cranial cavity
  • Folds or reflections prevent/restrict movement of the brain
21
Q

Purpose of falx cerebri

A
  • Separates cerebral hemispheres
22
Q

Purpose of tentorium cerebelli

A
  • Separates cerebellar hemispheres from cerebral hemispheres
23
Q

Purpose of falx cerebelli

A
  • Separates cerebellar hemispheres
24
Q

What causes a dural headache?

A
  • The dura is sensitive to stretching which can cause a headache
  • Extraction of CSF can cause strain on the dura resulting in a dural headache
25
Q

What is a tentorial herniation?

A
  • caused by space occupying lesion which causes a herniation of temporal lobe
26
Q

What is the arachnoid mater?

A
  • Thin avascular layer between pia and dura

- It is loosely applied layer with projections

27
Q

What do all structures passing to/from the brain pass through?

A

The subarachnoid space

28
Q

What space should not exist unless there is a pathology

A

The subdural space should not exist unless there is a pathology

29
Q

What are arachnoid granulations

A
  • Arachnoid granulations from the arachnoid layer project into the venous sinus(for filtration of CSF)
30
Q

What does the subarachnoid space(real space) contain?

A
  • Contains CSF: produced by choroid plexus in brain ventricles
31
Q

Purpose of arachnoid granulations

A
  • Arachnoid granulations affect the transfer of CSF to venous sinuses
32
Q

What is the pia mater?

A
  • Very delicate vascular membrane(nourish)
  • Closely invests brain following gyri/sulci
  • Cerebral arteries enter brain carrying sheath of pia mater with them
33
Q

What gives the brain a slightly shiny appearance?

A
  • Pia mater
34
Q

What is meningitis an infection of?

A
  • Leptomeningitis is an infection and inflammation in the arachnoid and pia mater(the lepto
35
Q

What is a complication of meningitis?

A
  • The infection may enter into the subarachnoid space and enter into blood(septicemia)
36
Q

Where are dural sinuses located?

A
  • Positioned in the dural fold
37
Q

What do the dural sinuses contain?

A
  • Drained blood and CSF from the brain via cerebral veins
38
Q

Describe the walls of the dural sinuses

A
  • Thick walled endothelium

- No valves or smooth muscle

39
Q

Where does blood from the dural sinuses drain into?

A
  • Internal jugular vein

Year 2 - Theme 1 (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions