Sleep Flashcards
(22 cards)
alpha waves [8-13 Hz]
occurs when a person is awake with eyes closed
beta waves [13-30 Hz]
eyes are open, active cortical activity
EEG becomes desynchronized
increased frequency with low amplitude
thought to reflect a higher level of brain activity
firing of a large number of neurons
lack of synchronization resulting from widespread cortical activity
present during REM sleep
theta waves [4-7 Hz]
transitional states
delta waves
observed during sleep
low-frequency, higher-amplitude
fewer neurons are firing
more highly synchronized and less affected by sensory stimulation
accounts for 80-85% of sleep
Non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM)
in stage 1 may experience sudden muscle contractions called
hypnic myoclonia
stage 2 NREM
-lasts approximately 10-25 minutes
-EEG activity includes predominantly theta waves -iterrupted by sleep spindles
bursts of high-frequency [12-14 Hz] waves appears to be important in integration of new
memories and existing neocortical knowledge more intense stimulus is required for arousal
Stages 1 and 2 of NREM sleep
cyclic waning and waxing of the tidal volume and
respiratory rate
may include brief periods [5-15 seconds] of apnea
Stages 3 and 4 of NREM sleep
breathing becomes more regular
ventilation usually is 1-2 L/minute less than during quiet wakefulness
arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure [PCO2] is 2-4 mm Hg greater
arterial oxygen partial pressure [PO2] is 3-9 mm Hg less
intrinsic sleep-wake cycle tends to be longer than 24 hours [closer to 25 hours, and as high as 28 hours]
intrinsic sleep-wake cycle tends to be longer than 24 hours [closer to 25 hours, and as high as 28 hours]
circadian clock appears to be controlled by a small group of hypothalamic cells
suprachiasmatic nucleus [SCN]:
sleep study recordings
are made during 3-5 naps spaced 2 hours apart during the day
electroencephalogram [EEG]
brain waves
electrooculogram [EOG]
records eye movements
electromyogram [EMG]
records the electrical activity from muscle movement
electroencephalogram [EEG]
brain waves
electrooculogram [EOG]
records eye movements
electromyogram [EMG]
records the electrical activity from muscle movement
average adult requires ________ minutes to fall asleep
10 or more
non–24-hour sleep-wake syndrome
lack of synchronization between the internal sleep-wake
rhythm and the external 24-hour day
occurs in blind people and those that have brain lesions that affect the SCN
insomnia definition
defined as three or more of the following: 1. difficultyinitiatingsleep
2. difficultymaintainingsleep 3. wakinguptooearly
4. sleep that is chronically no n restorative
insomnia must be must be accompanied by at least one of the following forms of daytime impairment:
- impairmentofattention,concentration,ormemory
- poorsocial,occupational,oracademicperformance
- mooddisturbanceorirritability
- pronenesstoerrorsoraccidentsatworkorwhiledriving
- tension headaches
- worried about sleep
cataplexy
brief periods of muscle weakness
-assocaited with narcolepsy
apnea is defined as
cessation of airflow through the nose and mouth for 10 seconds or longer
apneic periods typically last for ________ seconds
15-120 seconds
