Week 3- Pain and Headaches

Question 1

PAIN- “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

Answer 1

“an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

Question 1

is pain adjective or subjective

Answer 1

subjective
-pain scale

Question 2

where is pain perceived in the brain

Answer 2

-somatosensory cortex
-limbic system (emotional part of pain)
-brain stem for autonomic functions

Question 3

pain as a separate sensory modality evoked by the activity of specific receptors that transmit information to pain centers in the forebrain

Answer 3

Specificity pain theory
-deals with the acute, specific injury

Question 4

various different sensory receptors capture different stimuli and convey them to the sensory cortex
-special receptors for each type of pain

Answer 4

labelled line pain theory

Question 5

pain receptors share endings or pathways with other sensory modalities
-different patterns of activity of the same neurons can be used to signal painful and non-painful stimuli

Answer 5

pattern pain theory

Question 6

-the presence of neural gating mechanisms at the segmental spinal cord level accounts for interactions between pain and other sensory modalities
-block pain at the level of the spinal cord using another modality

Answer 6

gate control theory pain

Question 7

_________ stimulus never ascends to somatosensory cortex

Answer 7

noxious
-not all pain goes to the brain

Question 8

neuromatrix theory of pain

Answer 8

-patient can adapt to pain
-brain’s role in pain as well as the multiple dimensions
and determinants of pain

Question 9

nociceptive pain

Answer 9

nociceptors [pain receptors] are activated in response to
actual or impending tissue injury

Question 10

neuropathic pain

Answer 10

arises from direct injury or dysfunction of the nerves

Question 11

pain from non-injurious stimuli to the skin

Answer 11

allodynia

Question 12

extreme sensitivity to pain

Answer 12

hyperalgesia

Question 13

the absence of pain from stimuli that normally would be painful

Answer 13

analgesia

Question 14

any noxious stimulus that injures or is perceived to injure
tissue

Answer 14

nociception
-activates classic withdrawal reflex

Question 15

what stimulates nocioceptros

Answer 15

1. mechanical stimuli
2. thermal stimuli
3. chemical stimuli
4. neurogenic inflammation

Question 16

what nerve fibers are assocaited with fast pain

Answer 16

A fibers

Question 17

what nerve fibers are assocaited with slow pain

Answer 17

C fibers

Question 18

what part of the brain produces analgesia

Answer 18

periaqueductal gray* [endogenous analgesic center in the midbrain]

Question 19

types of pain

Answer 19

1. acute
2. chronic
3. cutaneous
4. visceral
5. referred

Question 20

allodynia

Answer 20

pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke
pain
ie. walking on leg that fell asleep

Question 21

hyperalgesia

Answer 21

increased pain from a stimulus that normally provokes
pain

Question 22

hyperesthesia

Answer 22

increased sensitivity to stimulation, excluding the special
senses

Question 23

parasetheisa

Answer 23

an abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or evoked
that is not unpleasant
-pins and needles

Question 24

dysthesia

Answer 24

an unpleasant abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or evoked

Question 25

hyperpathia

Answer 25

a painful syndrome characterized by an abnormally painful reaction to a stimulus, especially a repetitive stimulus, as well as an increased threshold

Question 26

analgesia

Answer 26

absence of pain

Question 27

hypoalgesia

Answer 27

diminished pain in response to a normally painful stimulus -opioids, analgesics, fear

Question 28

decreased sensitivity to stimulation, excluding the special senses

Answer 28

hypoesthesia

Question 29

local damage to peripheral nerves in a single area include nerve entrapment, nerve compression from a tumor mass, and various neuralgias

Answer 29

neuropathic pain

Question 30

pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system

Answer 30

neuralgia

Question 31

CRPS type I [reflex sympathetic dystrophy]

Answer 31

minor injuries or fracture of a limb precede the onset of symptoms

Question 32

CRPS type II [causalgia]

Answer 32

develops after injury to a major peripheral nerve

Question 33

Sxs of complex regional pain syndromes (CPRS)

Answer 33

-burning pain -pain dispoprotiate -pain with touch or movement of joint -sensory issues are distal and have no consistent spatial relationship to the nerve

Question 35

common trophic changes with CRPS

Answer 35

-abnoraml nail growth - increased/ decreased hair groth -fibrosis -thin glossy skin -osteoperosis

Question 36

motor issues with CRPS

Answer 36

-weakness -lack of coordination -tremor -dystonia -

Question 37

cephalalgia

Answer 37

headache

Question 38

is encephalitis usually viral or bacterial

Answer 38

viral

Question 39

headache that should go to ER

Answer 39

sudden, severe headache or sudden headache associated with a stiff neck -headaches associated with fever, convulsions or accompanied by confusion or loss of consciousness

Question 40

are the most common of ALL headaches

Answer 40

migraines and tension-type headaches

Question 41

childhood precursors to migraines

Answer 41

motion sickness, episodic vomiting / vertigo

Question 42

if the migraine lasts for >72 hours, termed

Answer 42

status migrainosus

Question 43

migraine headache medications

Answer 43

-NSAIDs [70]
analgesics
opiods
neuroleptics [antipsychotics]
antiemetics
triptans [sumatriptan = Imitrex]
ergotamine
trepanation

Question 44

do tension HA have n/v

Answer 44

no! no nausea or vommiting