Week 4- Male Urogenital

Question 1

termination of the urethra is on the ventral (bottom) surface of the
penis

Answer 1

hypospadias

Question 2

disorders that go along with hypospadias

Answer 2

-cryptorchidism [undescended testes]
-chordee [ventral bowing of the penis]
-inguinal hernia

Question 3

opening of the urethra is on the dorsal or upper surface
of the penis

Answer 3

epispadias

-often associated with exstrophy of the bladder

Question 4

phimosis

Answer 4

foreskin can’t retract
=tx= circumcision
-risk of penis cancer

Question 5

paraphimosis

Answer 5

foreskin can’t return back into place
-so tight and constricted that it cannot cover
the glans

Question 6

acute or chronic inflammation of the glans penis (tip of penis)

Answer 6

balantis

Question 7

balanoposthitis

Answer 7

infammation of the glans and prepuce (foreskin)

-predisposes to bacterial growth in the accumulated
secretions and smegma (white sticky substance)

Question 8

chronic, sclerosing, atrophic process of the glans penis
that occurs in uncircumcised men

Answer 8

balanitis xerotica obliterans

Question 9

balanitis xerotica obliterans sxs

Answer 9

-whitish plaques on the surface of the glans penis and
the prepuce
-foreskin is thickened, fibrous and not retractable
-treatment= circumcision and topical corticosteroids

Question 10

Peyronie disease

Answer 10

-progressivee fibrosis plaque formation
-affects the tunica albuginea
-causes upward bowing of penis

Question 11

organic causes of erectile dysfunction

Answer 11

neurogenic disorders
hormonal causes
vascular
drugs

Question 12

involuntary, prolonged [>4 hours], abnormal, and painful erection

Answer 12

priapism

-unrelated to sexual stimulation
-emergency
-can lead to ischemia/fibrosis

Question 13

most common cancer of penis

Answer 13

squamous cell
-more common in uncircumcised men

Question 14

cryptorchidism

Answer 14

-undescended testes
-1 or btpoh
-usually unilateral

Question 15

hydrocele

Answer 15

fluid filled sac around testicle
excess fluid collects between the layers of the tunica vaginalis [parietal and visceral serous pouch]

Question 16

spermatocele

Answer 16

painless, sperm-containing cyst in epididymis

Question 17

varicocele

Answer 17

-enlargement of veins in scrotum
varicosities of the pampiniform plexus
-L side more common

Question 18

twisting of the spermatic cord that suspends the testis

Answer 18

 testicular torsion

Question 19

most common acute scrotal disorder in pediatric and young adult population

Answer 19

testicular torsion

Question 20

orchitis

Answer 20

infection of testes

Question 21

links to squamous cell cancers of the scrotum

Answer 21

-tar, soot, oil exposrure
-poor hygiene and chronic inflammation
-PUVA (UV light chemo treatment)
-HPV

Question 22

strongest risk for testiculkar cancer

Answer 22

CRYPTOCHIDISM (UNDESCENDED TESTES)

Question 23

first signs of testicular cancer

Answer 23

-slight enlargement of the testicle
-ache in the abdomen or groin
-sensation of dragging or heaviness in the scrotum
-pain may be experienced in later stages as the tumor grows rapidly with hemorrhaging

Question 24

benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH]

Answer 24

-age-related, nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland
-uncommon in men less than 40
-very common in elderly

Question 25

digital rectal examination findings BPH vs cancer

Answer 25

BPH → large, palpable prostate with a smooth, rubbery surface

prostate cancer → hardened areas of the prostate gland

Question 26

BPH treatment

Answer 26

watchful waiting
pharmacologic management
surgical removal (transurethral TURP)

Question 27

3rd most common cancer in men

Answer 27

prostate

Question 28

account for 98% of all primary prostate cancers

Answer 28

adenocarcinomas
-in the peripheral zones of the prostate
-may spread to bladder

Question 29

prostate cancer sxs

Answer 29

urgency, frequency, nocturia, hesitancy, dysuria, hematuria, or blood in the ejaculate
-rectal exam- feels nodular and fixed
-high PSA