sleep Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are the three main physiological tools used to measure sleep?
EEG (brain activity), EOG (eye movement), and EMG (muscle tone in neck).
What EEG patterns are associated with pre-sleep and Stage 2 sleep?
Pre-sleep: Alpha waves (8–12 Hz). Stage 2: Sleep spindles (12–14 Hz bursts) and K-complexes (large wave deflections).
What did Dement (1978) discover about REM sleep and dreaming?
80% of awakenings during REM led to dream reports, compared to only 7% in nREM sleep.
What do recuperation theories of sleep suggest?
Sleep restores homeostasis and repairs physiological and molecular functions disrupted during wakefulness.
What is the evolutionary theory of sleep?
Sleep evolved to enhance survival by reducing danger during vulnerable nighttime hours.
What did Youngstedt & Kline (2006) find about exercise and sleep duration in humans?
Exercise had little to no effect on total sleep duration.
What did Cirelli (2006) and Curcio et al. (2006) report about effects of sleep deprivation?
It impairs mood, executive function, and molecular/physiological processes.
What did Dement (1978) conclude from Randy Gardner’s sleep deprivation case?
Despite 260 hours awake, Gardner recovered quickly with one long night of sleep.
How is REM sleep linked to depression, according to Vogel et al. (1975, 1990)?
Preventing REM sleep had antidepressant effects.
What did Scherschlicht et al. (1982) find regarding antidepressants and sleep?
Most antidepressants reduce REM and increase slow-wave sleep.
What is REM rebound, and which studies reported it?
After REM deprivation, the body compensates with increased REM. Reported by Webb & Agnew (1967) and Brunner et al. (1990).
What happened to rats after prolonged sleep deprivation?
They died, with signs of stress-related damage like swollen adrenal glands and ulcers.
What did von Economo discover about brain areas and sleep?
Anterior hypothalamus damage caused insomnia; posterior damage caused excessive sleepiness.
What did Saper et al. (2001) confirm about the hypothalamus?
Animal studies confirmed it plays a key role in sleep-wake regulation.
What did Bremer’s 1936 experiments reveal about sleep control?
Cerveau isolé caused constant sleep; encephale isolé preserved normal cycles, suggesting wakefulness centers lie in between.
What did Mouzzi & Morgan (1949) discover about the reticular formation?
Stimulating it in cats woke them, leading to the discovery of the Reticular Activating System.
What is narcolepsy?
A sleep disorder with sudden onset of sleep or muscle tone loss (cataplexy), often involving REM intrusions.
What is REM sleep behavior disorder, and who studied it?
Schenck et al. (1986) described patients acting out dreams due to lack of REM atonia.
