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Kin 157 > Slide 10 - Balance and Posture > Flashcards

Slide 10 - Balance and Posture Flashcards

1
Q

What is balance

A

The ability to keep the bodys center of gravity within the base of support when one is maintaining a static position

Maintenance of equilibrium while stationary or moving

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2
Q

Static balance

A

The ability to maintain the center of gravity within the support base while standing or sitting

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3
Q

Dynamic balance

A

Maintaining an upright position while the center of gravity and base of support are moving and the center of gravity is moving outside of the supporting base

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4
Q

Reactive balance

Example

A

The ability to compensate and recover from perturbations while standing or walking

E.g Maintaining balance after tripping over an obstacle

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5
Q

Functional balance

Example

A

The ability to perform daily movement tasks requiring balance

Picking up an object from the floor, dressing and turning to look at something behind you

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6
Q

What are the factors that affect balance

A

Age, gender, body size and physical fitness level

Body size

Foot size

Women vs men

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7
Q

How does body size affect balance

When is stability low

A

The height of the bodys center of gravity is relative to the supporting base

The higher the center of gravity from the base of support, the lower the stabilitiy

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8
Q

How does foot size affect balance

A

Length and width

Standing on tip toes vs feet

Type of shoes

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9
Q

How does gender (women vs men) affect balance

Example

A

Skeletal structure
Body shape

E.g. Shape of pelvis, apple vs pear shaped

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10
Q

What are the two types of factors that affect the risk of falling

A

Extrinsic

Intrinsic

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11
Q

What are the Extrinsic factors of falling

A

Poor lighting
Loose rugs
Obstacles in walkway

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12
Q

What are the internal factors of falling

A

Muscle weakness
Gait and balance disorder
Older adults

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13
Q

How do we directly measure balance

How do we indirectly measure balance

A

Computerized force plate device

Comprehensive
Multiple tests
Static and dynamic

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14
Q

What are the indirect measures for Static balance

A

Romberg test

Unipedal stance test

Reactive balance test

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15
Q

What are the indirect measures for Dynamic balance

A

Functional reach tests

Timed up and go tests

Star excursion balance test

Y balance test

Gait velocity test

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16
Q

What balance assessments do we do in lab

A

Y balance test

Others as well

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17
Q

What is posture

A

Rekatuve arrangement of parts of the body

Center of gravity of each body segment is place vertically above the segment below

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18
Q

What does posture protect

A

Muscular and skeletal balance and alignment protect supporting structures of body against injury and progressive deformity

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19
Q

What does good posture require

A

The least amount of physical activity to maintain, minimise gravitational stresses

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20
Q

The alignment of musculoskeletal system allows our body to

A

Move and function with maximum efficiency

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21
Q

Muscle balance is

A

Length and strength of muscles

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22
Q

Joint position is

A

Relative to body alignment

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23
Q

Static posture is

A

Musculoskeletal positioning at a position of rest

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24
Q

Dynamic posture is

A

Postural alignment maintained during movement

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25
Q

What does the Goniometer measure

A

Joint ROM

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26
Q

What does the inclinometer measure

A

Spinal curvature

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27
Q

Dots should be placed on a lateral view of standing posture

A

Anterior to lateral malleolus

Ankle

Anterior to midline of knee

Greater trochanter

Middle of shoulder

Earlobe

28
Q

Good posture for head (lateral)

posterior

A

Neutral, No forward or back tilt

Neutral, no tilt or rotation

29
Q

Good posture for cervical spine (lateral)

A

Slight anterior curve

30
Q

Good posture for Scapulae (lateral)

posterior

A

Flat against upper back

Medial borders parallel

31
Q

Good posture for Thoracic spine (lateral)

posterior

A

Slight posterior curve

Straight, no lateral curve

32
Q

Good posture for Lumbar spine (lateral)

posterior

A

Modest anterior curve

Straight, no lateral curve

33
Q

Good posture for Pelvis (lateral)

posterior

A

ASIS in same vertical plane as symphysis pubis

PSIS - same plane

34
Q

Good posture for Hip joint (lateral)

A

Neutral , Not flexed or extended

35
Q

Good posture for knee (lateral)

A

neutral, Not flexed or hyperextended

36
Q

Good posture for Ankle (lateral)

A

Neutral, Leg vertical to sole of foot

37
Q

Posture from anterior view

A

Feet 3 inches apart

No pronation or supination

38
Q

Good posture in SHOULDERS (posterior)

A

Level, no depression or elevation

39
Q

Good posture in legs (posterior)

A

Straight, not bowed or knock kneed

40
Q

Good posture in feet (posterior)

A

Straight or toes slightly out, no pronation or supination

41
Q

What does postural dysfunction cause

A

Structural and non structural changes

Increased strain on supporting structures = pain

Muscles adapt by shortening or lengthening

Less efficent balance of body over base of support

Negatively affect nerve tissue/function

Negatively affect movement efficiency

Loss of function

42
Q

What is lordosis

A

Abnormal inward or forward curvature of vertebral column

Lower back inward curving

43
Q

What is kyphosis

A

Abnormal curvature of spine causing a hunchback

44
Q

Forward head posture involves

What usually causes this

A

Neck slants forward

Computer work, driving

45
Q

What is scoliosis

A

Abnormal curvature of spine in C shaped or S shaped

46
Q

What causes postural changes in adolescence

A

Adolescence = rapid growth and mechanical and societal influences

47
Q

What causes postural changes in adulthood

A

Lifestyle choices

Occupational and sport activities

Sociological and medical factors

48
Q

What does pregnancy do for posture

A

COG

Low back pain

49
Q

What happens to older adults

A

Decreased muscle strength and endurance

Chronically shortened soft tissue

Osteoporosis

Loss of balance

50
Q

Functional balance is defined as the ability to compensate and recover from perturbations while standing or walking

A

False

51
Q

If you have higher center of gravity from the base of support, you may have lower stability for balance

A

True

52
Q

Women tend to have better balance than men because they tend to have apple shaped body and lower center of gravity

A

False

53
Q

Timed up and go test is a type of indirect measures for static balance

A

False

54
Q

Y-balance test that we do in our lab is typically used to assess the level of balance for older adults in a clinical setting

A

False

55
Q

Berg Balance test is used to assess the effects of mild head injury on static postural stability

A

False

56
Q

Romberg’s test measures static balance by testing whether a person can stay still

A

With feet together with eyes open and close for 10 seconds

57
Q

Using Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), the BESS total score for the maximum total number of errors for all conditions is 60

A

True

58
Q

For posture assessment on lateral view, you should put dots on anatomical marks for alignment. Which of the following is not the correct site for dots

A

ASIS

59
Q

Good posture should require the least amount of physical activity to maintain; minimizes gravitational stresses

A

True

60
Q

Posture assessments are typically performed using a postures grid or a plumb line

A

True

61
Q

Postural dysfunction, such as forward head, is permanent; thus, it cannot be fixed

A

False

62
Q

Older adults go through postural changes mainly due to bad habits and decreased muscle strength and endurance

A

True

63
Q

Based on the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) test, a person should perform the hands on the iliac crests, eyes opened, and a consistent foot position depending on the stance

A

False

64
Q

Based on the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), only one error is recorded if a subject commits multiple errors simultaneously

A

True

65
Q

Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) Scale test assess static, dynamic, reactive and functional balance by performing 10 different tasks

A

True

66
Q

_________ is a type of postural dysfunction characterized with abnormal curvature (excessive outward curvature) of spine causing a hunchback

A

Kyphosis

67
Q

_________ is a type of postural dysfunction with C or S-shaped pattern characterized by abnormal curvature of the spine when you observe from the rear view

A

Scoliosis

Kin 157 (24 decks)

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