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Mammalian Physiology > Slide Set 6 > Flashcards

Slide Set 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Thickening of walls or arteries, loss of elasticity

A

arteriosclerosis

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2
Q

Progressive disease characterised by formation of lesions in the walls of medium and large arteries called atherosclerotic plaque

A

atherosclerosis

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3
Q

Accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries; reduced blood flow to myocardium

A

Coronary artery disease

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4
Q

Which organs can be affected by hypertension if don’t treat it?

A

heart
kidney
blood vessels
brain

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5
Q

Which drugs can treat hypertension ?

A

diuretics
vasodialtors
ace inhibitors (block AngII formation = vasoconstrictor)
beta blockers (beta adrenergic receptor blocker)

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6
Q

What is a chest discomfort caused by atherosclerosis called?

A

angina

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7
Q

What makes work of heart easier?

A

Nitroglycerin
Calcium channel blockers
Aspirin
Surgery

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8
Q

Blood =

A

55% plasma

45% cells

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9
Q

Plasma proteins

A

albumins
globulins
fibrinogen
transferrin

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10
Q

Liver disease is associated with

A

edema

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11
Q

Cells of the blood

A
  • platelets
  • red blood cells
  • white blood cells
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12
Q

White blood cells include

A 
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
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13
Q

In red blood cells, structures -> provide :
biconcave disks ->
spectrin ->
hemoglobin ->

A

biconcave disks -> flexibility

spectrin -> elasticity

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14
Q

hemoglobin is made up of

A

4 globine -> 4 heme groups -> 4 irons

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15
Q

What gives the red colour to hemoglobin?

A

Heme/iron

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16
Q

Differentiation of RBCs begins with

A

PROERYTHROCYTES

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17
Q

Differentiation of RBCS

A 
hemocytoblasts
proerythrocytes
basophilic erythrocytes
polychromatic erythrocytes
reticulocytes
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18
Q

Which differentiated RBC produce haemoglobin ?

A

polychromatic erythroblasts

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19
Q

Reduction in platelets causes

A

thrombocytopenia

-> risk for haemorrhage

20
Q

Reduction in WBCs causes

A

Leukopenia

-> risk of infections

21
Q

Reduction in RBCs causes

A

aplastic anemia

22
Q

Where are RBCs produced

A

bone marrow

23
Q

What is erythopoiesis

A

is when the kidneys release erythropoietin due to low oxygen amounts -> accelerates production of RBCs

24
Q

What is the hemoglobin made of?

A
  • amino acids
  • iron
  • bilirubin
25
PCV
Packed Cell Volume = %RBC
26
An increase in PCV results in
polycythemia
27
A decrease in PCV results in
anemia
28
Which WBCs are capable of diapedesis
neutrophils | basophils
29
Which WBCs are protective against infections cause by parasitic worms and allergic reactions
Eosinophils | -> release IgE
30
Which WBCs have an important role in immunity
Lymphocytes
31
Which WBCs are highly phagocytic
Monocytes | neutrophils
32
Which WBCs contain lysosomes
neutrophils
33
Which WBCs have granules that contain heparin and histamine
basophils
34
What are platelets also called?
thrombocytes
35
3 properties of platelets?
aggregation adhesiveness aggregation
36
If you have seasonal allergies, what WBCs will react
Basophils
37
What are platelets formed from
Megakaryocytes
38
What activates platelets
Collagen binds and activates platelets
39
The platelet plug formation is a __ feedback
POSITIVE | - when platelets arrive, it attracts more
40
3 steps of blood-clotting mechanism
- release of clotting factors - formation of thrombin - formation of fibrin ( it attaches to platelets and forms clot)
41
If someone has A blood type, Which antigen does he have on his RBC? Which plasma antibodies does he have? Which blood can he receive?
A antigen Anti-B antibodies Can receive: A blood, O blood
42
If someone has B blood type, Which antigen does he have on his RBC? Which plasma antibodies does he have? Which blood can he receive?
B antigen Anti-A antibodies Can receive : B blood, O blood
43
If someone has AB blood type, Which antigen does he have on his RBC? Which plasma antibodies does he have? Which blood can he receive?
AB antigens No antibodies Can receive : any blood
44
If someone has O blood type, Which antigen does he have on his RBC? Which plasma antibodies does he have? Which blood can he receive?
no antigens Anti-A and anti-B antibodies Can receive : O blood
45
anti-Rh antibodies are usually __ in blood?
absent | -> appear in Rh- if comes in contact with Rh+ RBCs
46
If a mother is Rh- and foetus is Rh+ what should she be treated with?
RhoGAM suppressive drug : stops mothers body from making antibodies to Rh
47
If Rh+ cells enter Rh- blood, mother produces anti-Rh | what does this cause?
agglutination of RBCs | = fatal for foetus

Mammalian Physiology (6 decks)

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