small animal head and neck

Question 1

when do canine deciduous incisors errupt? permanent?

Answer 1

deciduous: 4-6 weeks
permanent: 3-5 months

Question 2

when do canine deciduous canines errupt? permanent canines?

Answer 2

deciduous: 5-6 weeks
permanent: 4-6 months

Question 3

when do canine deciduous premolars erupt, permanent premolars?

Answer 3

deciduous: 6 weeks
permanent: 4-5 months

Question 4

do canines have deciduous molars

Answer 4

no, only permanent

Question 5

5

when do canine molars erupt

Answer 5

5-7 months

Question 6

how many deciduous teeth do dogs have? how many permanent?

Answer 6

deciduous = 28
permanent = 42

Question 7

decidious dental formula for canines

Answer 7

3 1 3 / 3 1 3 = 14
x2 = 28

Question 8

permanent canine dental formula

Answer 8

3 1 4 2 / 3 1 4 3 = 21
21x2 = 42

Question 9

in dogs what are the carnasial or shearing teeth

Answer 9

upper 4th Premolar and lower first molar

Question 10

which teeth break most commonly in dogs and why

Answer 10

carnassial teeth (upper 4th PM, lower M1) they are the chewing teeth

Question 11

how many deciduous teeth do felines have? permanent?

Answer 11

deciduous = 26
permanent = 30

Question 12

deciduous feline dental formula

Answer 12

3 1 3 / 3 1 2 = 13
13x2 = 26

Question 13

permanent feline dental formula

Answer 13

3 1 3 1 / 3 1 2 1 = 15
15x2=30

Question 14

where do you give a rostral maxillary block

Answer 14

injection given at infraorbital canal
blocks feeling from distal upper premolar 3 to midline of maxilla

Question 15

where do you give a caudal maxillary block and what does it numb

Answer 15

inject behind the last molar, numbs entire ipsilateral side to the maxillary midline

Question 16

where do you give a rostral mandibular (mental) block and what does it numb?

Answer 16

injection at middle mental forman (ventral to the distal root of the mandibular 2nd premolar)
numbs from mandibular 2nd to 3rd PM rostral to midline

Question 17

where is a caudal mandiular (inferior alveolar) block given and what does it numb

Answer 17

mandibular canal where the inferior alveolar nerve enters
blocks from 3rd mandibular molar to midline

Question 18

what bones make up the TMJ hinge joint

Answer 18

condyloid process of mandible and mandibular fossa of temporal bone

Question 19

Brachycephalic Upper Airway syndrome

Answer 19

stenotic nares
elongated soft palate
hypoplastic trachea
everted laryngeal saccuels

Question 20

what is the effect of everted laryngeal saccules

Answer 20

chronic increased respiratory effort can evert the soft tissue between the vocal folds

Question 21

how many parathyroid glands do cats and dogs have

Answer 21

4
2 external
2 internal

Question 22

what do the parathyroid glands produce

Answer 22

PTH
increases Ca levels

Question 23

what salivary glands have ductal openings into the maxilla

Answer 23

parotid and zygomatic glands

Question 24

salivary glands that have ductal openings into the mandibe/sublingual

Answer 24

mandibular and sublingual glands

Question 25

what is salivary Mucocele (sialocele)

Answer 25

accumulation of saliva that leaks from an injured salivary gland or duct the saliva accumulates within tissues of the mouth and neck, forming a soft swelling

Question 26

Cervical mucocele

Answer 26

swelling in the upper neck

Question 27

sublingual mucocele (ranula)

Answer 27

swelling wihtin the mouth, below and alongside the tongue

Question 28

pharyngeal mucocele

Answer 28

swelling in the pharynx

Question 29

zygomatic mucocele

Answer 29

uncommon, swelling in cheek area or below eye

Question 30

what are the major veins around the salivary gland

Answer 30

linguofacial and maxillary

Question 31

what are the main vessels in the ear

Answer 31

medial and lateral auricular branch intermediate auricular branvh

Question 32

inflammatory growth out of the middle ear (tympanic bulbae) that occurs in young cats

Answer 32

nasopharyngeal polyps

Question 33

common term for a prolapsed 3rd eyelid (nicitating membrane)

Answer 33

cherry eye

Question 34

what nerve innervates almost all of the muscles of the larynx

Answer 34

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch of the vagus)

Question 35

what muscle is affected in laryngeal paralysis

Answer 35

cricoarytenoideus dorsalis

Question 36

what artery lies beneath the jugular

Answer 36

carotid artery

Question 37

T/F: dogs have a vertical and horizontal ear canal

Answer 37

T

Question 38

T/F: Nasopharyngeal polyps in cats are beningn

Answer 38

T

Question 39

what is the largest eye gland

Answer 39

gland of the 3rd eyelid

Question 40

CN XII (hypoglossal) provides motor innervation to the ?

Answer 40

tongue

Question 41

what CN is affected if you observe a patient whose **tongue deviates towards the side of a lesion**

Answer 41

CN XII **hypoglossal**

Question 42

CN XI (Accessory) provides motor innervation to what muscles

Answer 42

brachicephalic, sternocephalic, trapezius

Question 43

what CNs provides motor and sensory information to the pharnyx and larynx

Answer 43

vagus and glossopharyngeal X, XI

Question 44

what CN provides **parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic and abdominal viscera**

Answer 44

CN X vagus

Question 45

the absence of a gag reflex, frequent choking, difficulty swallowing, inspiratory dyspnea all indicate there may be an issue w/ what CN

Answer 45

X or IX

Question 46

what CN is affected if a patient has deafness, head tilt or nystagmus

Answer 46

CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)

Question 47

what CN is affected if you observe atrophy of the temporalis and masseter muscles, decreased jaw tone, dropped jaw, or an inability to close the mouth with difficulty chewing/eating

Answer 47

CN V Trigeminal

Question 48

what CN is responsible for sense of smell

Answer 48

CN 1, olfactory

Question 49

if a patient fails to blink during a menace test, bumps into objects or doesn't follow the cotton ball during the cotton ball test, what CN is of concern

Answer 49

CN II optic

Question 50

in felines if their pupil and retinal vessels are deviated, what CN may be fucked

Answer 50

IV Trochlear

Question 51

what CN supplies movement of the globes and constriction of pupils

Answer 51

CN III, Oculomotor

Question 52

**ventrolateral strabismus** of the globe, dilated pupil of affected eye in response to bright light indicates an issue with what CN

Answer 52

CN III, Oculomotor

Question 53

what CN is fucked if patient has: **medial strabismus**, globe is not retracted into orbit and the 3rd eyelid gland does not protrube

Answer 53

CN VI, Abducent

Question 54

What CN is fucked if a dog ignores food

Answer 54

CN I olfactory

Question 55

what CN is responsible for the **medial rotation** of the dorsal globe

Answer 55

IV, Trochlear

Question 56

what CN is responsible for **lateral globe movement** and retraction of the globe

Answer 56

CN VI (Abducent)

Question 57

what CN is fucked if an animal has difficulty /weakness when trying to turn neck along with atrophy of neck muscles

Answer 57

XI, accessory