small animal urogenital

Question 1

what ligament attaches the uterus to the body wall

Answer 1

broad ligament

Question 2

where do you make an incision when doing a cystotomy

Answer 2

ventral aspect of bladder

Question 3

landmarks for the right gutter

Answer 3

descending duodenum, retract it to see the right kidney, right adrenal, right ovary and right limb of pancreas

Question 4

where should you be able to palpate the right adrenal

Answer 4

under the caudate lobe

Question 5

left gutter landmark

Answer 5

desscending colon

Question 6

major kidney vessels come out of what aspect of the kidney

Answer 6

medial

Question 7

the ureters attach at what point of the bladder

Answer 7

trigone

Question 8

all major vessels of the genital glands come from the ____ aspect of the aorta, this is why you enter _____ duing a cysto since there are less vessels in the way

Answer 8

dorsally
ventrally

Question 9

what ligament gets broken down when doing a spay

Answer 9

suspensory

Question 10

what ligament attaches the ovary to the uterine horn

Answer 10

proper ligament

Question 11

what ligament can you see here

Answer 11

broad ligament

Question 12

what is the major vessel within the broad ligament

Answer 12

uterine artery
will need to ligate

Question 13

the round ligament is a ______ band of tension

Answer 13

tight

Question 14

what is pointed to in the left image? the right?

Answer 14

urethra
urethral stones

Question 15

what is this vessel

Answer 15

caudal superficial epigastric vessel
make incision on either side of it if possible

Question 16

what is the holding layer in a cystotomy closure

Answer 16

submucosa

Question 17

what’s here

Answer 17

struvite bladder stones

Question 18

what is the most common type of bladder stone

Answer 18

struvite (magnesium)

Question 19

UTI induced stones are more common in ____

Answer 19

dogs

Question 20

sterile struvite stones are more common in ____

Answer 20

cats

Question 21

is crystalluria an indication of bladder stone formation

Answer 21

NO

Question 23

dietary dissolution of struvite bladder stones takes about how long

Answer 23

8 weeks

Question 24

struvite stones tend to form in more ____ urine, whereas calcium stones form in more ____ urine

Answer 24

alkaline, acidic

Question 25

Voiding urohydropropulsion works best in what patients

Answer 25

dogs weighting more than 8kg whose uroliths are less than 5mm

Question 26

what is voiding urohydropropulsion

Answer 26

filling up bladder with saline then expressing stones out

Question 27

what going on

Answer 27

pyometra

Question 28

best method for detecting pregnancy

Answer 28

ultrasound, can see gestational says as early as 3 weeks

Question 29

when does calcification of skeletal structures occur during pregnancy

Answer 29

45 days

Question 30

typically age of pyometra diagnosis

Answer 30

7 yrs +

Question 31

Answer 31

pyometra fluid filled structures

Question 32

what is the most common bacterial infection seen in dogs w/ pyometras

Answer 32

E. coli

Question 33

when does pyometra typically present?

Answer 33

2-4 months after estrus

Question 34

what is a common concurrent urinary issue seen in about 25% of pyometra cases

Answer 34

UTI

Question 35

with a _____-cervix pyometra there may not be any vaginal discharge and the patient is typically systemically ill

Answer 35

closed

Question 36

with an ____-cervix pyometra, vaginal discharge might be the only finding

Answer 36

open

Question 37

is cryptorchidism more common in cats or dogs

Answer 37

dogs: 15% cats: 1%

Question 38

treatment for pyometra

Answer 38

ovariohysterectomy

Question 39

T/F: cryptorchidism is heritable

Answer 39

T

Question 40

an undescended testicle can be _____ or ______

Answer 40

inguinal or abdominal

Question 41

what side of testes is first to descent

Answer 41

left, hence why right sided inguinal (followed by R sided abdominal) cryptorchidism is most common

Question 42

in large breed dogs, what type of cryptorchidism location is more common

Answer 42

abdominal

Question 43

what type of cryptorchidism is this

Answer 43

abdominal

Question 44

which kidney is located more cranially?

Answer 44

Right

Question 45

what this

Answer 45

sublumbar lymphadenopathy enlargement of sublumbar LNs

Question 46

what this

Answer 46

prostagomegaly enlargement of prostate gland

Question 47

where do you perform an abdominocentesis

Answer 47

on the linea alba, 2cm caudal from umbilicus can also do 4 quadrant