Small Animal Spinal Column

Question 1

how many cervical vertebrae do cats and dogs have

Answer 1

7

Question 2

how many thoracic vertebrae do cats/dogs have

Answer 2

13

Question 3

how many lumbar vertebrae do cats/dogs have

Answer 3

7

Question 4

how many sacral vertebrae do cats/dogs have

Answer 4

3

Question 5

how many cocygeal vertebrae do dogs have? wb cats?

Answer 5

dogs: 20-23
cats: 18-21

Question 6

what is the term for where the nerves of the vertebrae come out?

Answer 6

articular facets

Question 7

the vertebral arch protects the ?

Answer 7

spinal cord

Question 8

what lies in between the veretebral bodies

Answer 8

intervertebral discs

Question 9

the shape of C1 (atlas) allows for what movement

Answer 9

rotation of the head

Question 10

C2 = ?

Answer 10

axis

Question 11

odontoid process AKA

Answer 11

dens

Question 12

What is the atlantoaxial joint

Answer 12

between C1-C2 since there is no intervertebral disk between them

Question 13

what is 5?

Answer 13

dens

Question 14

what is 6?

Answer 14

spinous process of axis

Question 15

what is 2?

Answer 15

atlantoaxial joint

Question 16

dens melformations and weakness of the ligamentous structure, results in cervical pain and neurologcal deficits

Answer 16

Hypoplastic Dens Atlantoaxial (A-A) subluxation

Question 17

what breeds are more prone to A-A subluxation

Answer 17

miniature and toy

Question 18

what ligament keeps C1-C2 in place

Answer 18

dorsal atlantoaxial ligament

Question 19

what ligament holds onto the dens

Answer 19

transverse

Question 20

what is wrong here

Answer 20

A-A subluxation

Question 21

what cervical verterbrae is easily distinguished by its large transverse process

Answer 21

C6

Question 22

C6-T2 contain the nerves of the ….

Answer 22

brachial plexus

Question 23

what is spinal intumescence

Answer 23

the concentration of lower motor neurons

Question 24

is this a feline or canine spinal column?

Answer 24

feline

Question 25

is this a feline or canine spinal column

Answer 25

canine

Question 26

what vertebrae is anticlinal and what does it indicate

Answer 26

T11 direction of spinal processes chagne

Question 27

Ligament that lies on the floor of the vertebral canal and runs from the dens to the sacrum

Answer 27

dorsal longitudinal ligament

Question 28

the intercapital ligaments run between rib heads from T_ - T_

Answer 28

T2-T11

Question 29

What are the 4 sacral ligaments in a canine

Answer 29

dorsal sacroiliac sacrum first coccygeal vertebrae sacrotuberous ligament

Question 30

what sacral ligament do canines have that felines don't

Answer 30

sacrotuberous ligament

Question 31

which is wider the cervical or lumbar spinal canal?

Answer 31

cervical

Question 32

the lumbosacral spine runs from L__ - S___

Answer 32

L7-S1

Question 33

what are the landmarks for an epidural

Answer 33

ilial wings dorsal spinous process of L7 sacral vertebrae

Question 34

where does the spinal cord terminate

Answer 34

L6-L7

Question 35

caudally streaming spinal roots that innervate the pelvic viscera and tail

Answer 35

cauda equina

Question 36

what is another name for Lumbosacral stenosis

Answer 36

cauda equina syndrome

Question 37

lumbosacral stenosis can affect the nerve roots of what nerves? (5)

Answer 37

femoral sciatic pudendal pelvic coccygeal

Question 38

the number of coccygeal vertebrae can range from ___-____ ; dependent on breed

Answer 38

6-23

Question 39

what is a block vertebrae

Answer 39

results from the fusion of 2 or more vertebral bodies most common in the cervical region

Question 40

block vertebrae may increase the patients risk for what other ailment

Answer 40

intervertebral disc disease

Question 41

what bone is a 'normal' block vertebra

Answer 41

sacrum

Question 42

term for the failure of development and ossification of part of the vertebral; can lead to compression of spinal cord

Answer 42

hemivertebrae

Question 43

what is this

Answer 43

transitional vertebrae

Question 44

what is screw tial and what breed is most susceptible

Answer 44

malformation of one of the vertebrae in the tail bulldogs

Question 45

what is the treatment for screw tail

Answer 45

amputation

Question 46

which species tends to have shorter, blockier vertebrae

Answer 46

dogs

Question 47

what is circled and where is it

Answer 47

dens, C2(axis)

Question 48

compared to dogs, cat vertebral bodies and transverse processes are ______ and their intervertebral discs tend to be ______

Answer 48

longer narrower

Question 49

the interlocking ______ of the thoracic vertebrae allows for flexion and extension

Answer 49

articulation

Question 50

why are spinal compression issues like IVDD less likely to happen around T2-T11

Answer 50

this is where the intercapital ligaments run so the areas is a bit more stable

Question 51

what spinal canal does the yellow arrow point to? (look at white line)

Answer 51

yellow = cervical spinal canal

Question 52

what spinal canal does the yellow arrow point to?

Answer 52

lumbar spinal canal

Question 53

where is an epidural given

Answer 53

lumbosacral region

Question 54

due to the differential growth of the vertebrae and spinal cord, most of the spinal cord segments are positioned _____ to their corresponding vertebrae

Answer 54

cranial

Question 55

what issue is this

Answer 55

cauda equina syndrome

Question 56

what area does block vertebrae most commonly occur

Answer 56

cervical region

Question 57

what is manx cat syndrome

Answer 57

abnormal development of the sacral and coccygeal vertebrae

Question 58

what nerve should you be aware of when giving epaxial muscle IM injections?

Answer 58

sciatic

Question 59

what are the 2 main parts of an intervertebral disc

Answer 59

annulus fibrosus (more external) nucleus pulposus

Question 60

in IVDD, what part of the intervertebral disc dehydrates, becoming dry and brittle

Answer 60

nueclous pulposus

Question 61

what breeds are predisposed to IVDD

Answer 61

Daschunds and other chondrodystropic breeds

Question 62

explain type I IVDD

Answer 62

nucleous pulposus is herniated upwards, causes swelling and inflammation

Question 63

explain type II IVDD

Answer 63

intervertebral disc get squished b/w adjacent verterbral bodies, causing the annulus fibrosus to buldge upward - associated with old age and prevelant in German Shepherds