smell and taste

Question 1

what is the purpose of the nasal conchae

Answer 1

mix the air up to spread the odor molecules equally over the olfactory epithelium

Question 2

what is the name of the specialized nasal epithelium

Answer 2

olfactory epithelium

Question 3

what does the olfactory epithelium contain

Answer 3

olfactory receptor cells

Question 4

what is another name for olfactory receptor cells

Answer 4

olfactory neurons

Question 5

how often are new olfactory neurons replaced

Answer 5

every 4 to 8 weeks

Question 6

from where are the olfactory neurons formed

Answer 6

a stem cell called a basal cell

Question 7

where do odorants produce graded potentials

Answer 7

in the cilia

Question 8

what kind of a receptor does an odorant bind to

Answer 8

g protein coupled olfactory receptors

Question 9

what is the second messenger used in olfactory transduction

Answer 9

cAMP

Question 10

what does cAMP do in olfactory transduction

Answer 10

open a cAMP gated ion channel that lets Na+ and Ca2+ into the cilium and depolarizes the receptor cell

Question 11

what is activated during the olfactory G coupled protein process

Answer 11

An EPSP

Question 12

smell is the only sensory innervation that does not pass through the ______

Answer 12

thalamus

Question 13

what does the axons of olfactory neurons synapse with

Answer 13

neurons called mitral cells

Question 14

what are the olfactory tracts

Answer 14

the axons of the mitral cells

Question 15

what is another name for the olfactory tracts

Answer 15

olfactory nerve

Question 16

what is special about the olfactory nerve

Answer 16

it is not a true nerve

Question 17

what are the two destinations of the olfactory tract

Answer 17

limbic system
(olfactory cortex)

Question 18

where are smells interpreted and identified

Answer 18

in the olfactory cortex

Question 19

where is the olfactory cortex located

Answer 19

inferior frontal lobe

Question 20

what is the purpose of the limbic system in smell

Answer 20

activates memories and emotions associated with the smell

Question 21

does the smell impulses ever go to the thalamus

Answer 21

yes, but its a destination, it doesn’t pass through there like other senses

Question 22

what 2 things are necessary for a chemical to be tasted

Answer 22

must be dissolved in saliva
must contact gustatory hairs

Question 23

what innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 23

facial nerve

Question 24

what innervates the posterior third of the tongue

Answer 24

the glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 25

what number is the facial nerve

Answer 25

7

Question 26

what number is the glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 26

9

Question 27

what is papillae

Answer 27

the bumps on your tongue

Question 28

where are taste buds located

Answer 28

in papillae

Question 29

what is the taste pore

Answer 29

a small hole in a taste bud

Question 30

what are the two kinds of epithelial cells in taste buds

Answer 30

gustatory epithelial cells basal epithelial cells

Question 31

are taste receptor cells neurons

Answer 31

No

Question 32

does the taste system use simple or complex receptors

Answer 32

complex

Question 33

does the smell system use simple or complex receptors

Answer 33

simple

Question 34

what are the 5 basic taste sensations

Answer 34

sweet salt sour bitter umami

Question 35

what is umami the japanese word for

Answer 35

savory

Question 36

what does the salt taste sensation detect

Answer 36

metal ions

Question 37

what does the sweet taste sensation detect

Answer 37

sugars, amino acids, alcohol, saccharin

Question 38

what does the sour taste sensation detect

Answer 38

hydrogen ions

Question 39

what does the bitter taste sensation detect

Answer 39

alkaloids

Question 40

what does the umami taste sensation detect

Answer 40

glutamate

Question 41

salty and sour taste receptors are both ______ ion channel activation

Answer 41

direct

Question 42

what 3 taste receptors use g proteins

Answer 42

bitter sweet umami

Question 43

when you taste sour, what ions come in or out of the channels

Answer 43

H+ and Na+ go in, K+ come out

Question 44

does the tongue have somatosensory receptors

Answer 44

yes

Question 45

how often are gustatory receptor cells replaced

Answer 45

every 7 days

Question 46

what is the name for a gustatory equivalent of an odorant

Answer 46

a taistant

Question 47

what is the role of supporting cells in a taste bud

Answer 47

insulate the receptor

Question 48

what are the gustatory cells

Answer 48

theyre the taste cells

Question 49

what is the role of basal cells in a taste bud

Answer 49

create more gustatory cells

Question 50

what is the name of the g protein involved in sweet and bitter tastes

Answer 50

gustducin

Question 51

where do the cranial nerves associated with taste carry impulses to

Answer 51

solitary nucleus of the medulla

Question 52

from the medulla, where to the taste impulses travel to

Answer 52

the thalamus

Question 53

from the thalamus, what three locations do the taste impulses travel to

Answer 53

gustatory cortex hypothalamus limbic system

Question 54

taste is 80% _____-

Answer 54

Smell

Question 55

what three receptors can influence taste

Answer 55

thermoreceptors mechanoreceptors nociceptors