Vision

Question 1

what lubricates and protects the eyes

Answer 1

conjunctiva

Question 2

what muscle elevates the upper eyelid

Answer 2

levator palpebrae superioris

Question 3

whats another name for the eyelids

Answer 3

palpebrae

Question 4

dissect the name: levator palpebrae superioris

Answer 4

levator (levetates, brings up)
palpebrae (eyelid)
superioris (upper, more superior)
therefore it brings up the upper eyelid

Question 5

what gland produces and secretes tears

Answer 5

lacrimal gland

Question 6

where do tears empty

Answer 6

through the nose, hence a runny nose when crying

Question 7

most of the focusing of light occurs at the

Answer 7

cornea

Question 8

what is the aperture that lets light pass through

Answer 8

the pupil

Question 9

what are the two muscles in the iris

Answer 9

sphincter pupillae
dilator pupillae

Question 10

what is the sclera

Answer 10

the whites of your eyes

Question 11

why can light not be absorbed at the optic disk

Answer 11

it is pack with myelinated axons, not photoreceptors

Question 12

what are the interneurons in the eye

Answer 12

anacrine cells
horizontal cells

Question 13

what is known as your blind spot

Answer 13

the optic disk

Question 14

what is the site where optic nerves leave the eye

Answer 14

optic disk

Question 15

the lens ______ for distant visison

Answer 15

flattens

Question 16

the lens _________ for close vision

Answer 16

bulges

Question 17

when the ciliary muscle is contracted, does the lens bulge or flatten

Answer 17

bulge

Question 18

what are the ciliary zonules

Answer 18

ligaments between the lens and ciliary muscle

Question 19

how many types of cone cells are there

Answer 19

3

Question 20

how many types of rod cells are there

Answer 20

1

Question 21

what is the visual pigment in rods

Answer 21

rhodopsin

Question 22

what is in the rhodopsin

Answer 22

retinal
opsin

Question 23

the cGMP gated cation channels are _____ in the dark

Answer 23

open

Question 24

the cGMP gated cation channels are _____ in the light

Answer 24

closed

Question 25

what is the first order neuron in vision

Answer 25

bipolar cells

Question 26

what is the second order neuron in vision

Answer 26

ganglion cells

Question 27

where do the ganglion cells cross the midline

Answer 27

a the optic chiasma

Question 28

what are the two hemiretinas

Answer 28

nasal and temporal

Question 29

what hemiretina crosses the midline

Answer 29

nasal

Question 30

what hemiretina does not cross the midline

Answer 30

temporal

Question 31

what forms the optic tract

Answer 31

axons of retinal ganglion cells

Question 32

what is the superior colliculus involved in

Answer 32

initiating visual reflexes

Question 33

what is the pretectal nuclei involved with

Answer 33

pupillary reflexes

Question 34

what is the optic radiations

Answer 34

a bundle of fibers that go from the thalamus to the visual cortex

Question 35

are there more rods or cones

Answer 35

rods (20 rods per cone)

Question 36

do rods or cones have high acuity

Answer 36

cones

Question 37

what type of photoreceptors are mostly in peripheral retina

Answer 37

rods

Question 38

what type of photoreceptors are mostly in central retina

Answer 38

cones