Auditory

Question 1

What are the three bones of the ear

Answer 1

malleus
Incus
stapes

Question 2

is the eardrum a part of the inner or outer ear

Answer 2

outer ear

Question 3

what is the function of the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles

Answer 3

to dampen the intensity of sound

Question 4

what are the two muscles that dampen the intensity of sound

Answer 4

tensor tympani muscle
stapedius muscle

Question 5

where is the oval window in the ear

Answer 5

deep to the stapes

Question 6

what is the other word for the pinna

Answer 6

auricle

Question 7

what is the other name for the eardrum

Answer 7

tympanic membrane

Question 8

what do you call the bones in the ear

Answer 8

ossicles

Question 9

what is the membranous sacs in the ear filled with

Answer 9

endolymph

Question 10

the fluid inside the membranous sacs of the ear is rich in what

Answer 10

potassium

Question 11

what are the two structures in the vestibule

Answer 11

utricle
saccule

Question 12

what is the function of the utricle and saccule

Answer 12

encode the orientation of the head relative to the axis of the body

Question 13

what part of the vestibular system specifically are the utricle and saccule in

Answer 13

the static vestibular system

Question 14

how many semicircular canals are there in the inner ear

Answer 14

3

Question 15

what is the role of the semicircular canals

Answer 15

encode movement for all the planes of the head

Question 16

name of equilibrium receptors in utricle/saccule

Answer 16

maculae

Question 17

what is the vestibule

Answer 17

egg shaped cavity in the inner ear

Question 18

what is the name of the swollen end of each semicircular canal

Answer 18

the ampulla

Question 19

what type of receptors does the ampulla house

Answer 19

equilibrium receptors

Question 20

what is the cristae ampullaris

Answer 20

a region in the ampulla that houses equilibrium receptors

Question 21

what receptors respond to angular movements of the head

Answer 21

the equilibrium receptors in the ampulla

Question 22

name of the spiral bony structure in the ear

Answer 22

cochlea

Question 23

what is the organ inside the cochlea

Answer 23

the corti

Question 24

what is the corti

Answer 24

the hearing receptor

Question 25

bony pillar that the cochlea coils around

Answer 25

modiolus

Question 26

what cochlear chamber contains receptors that transduce sound info into electrochemical signals

Answer 26

scala media

Question 27

what are the three chambers of the cochlea

Answer 27

scala vestibuli scala media scala tympani

Question 28

where does the scala tympani terminate

Answer 28

the round window

Question 29

what is the fluid in the scala tympani and vestibuli

Answer 29

perilymph

Question 30

what is the fluid in the scala media

Answer 30

endolymph

Question 31

what is another name for the scala media

Answer 31

cochlear duct

Question 32

what is the importance of continuity of fluid through the cochlea

Answer 32

allows vibrations to be passed through

Question 33

what is perilymph rich in

Answer 33

sodium chloride or something lol

Question 34

vibrations in which membrane carry sound into the corti

Answer 34

basilar membrane (floor of scala media)

Question 35

in what order does sound reach the three canals in the cochlea

Answer 35

scala vestibuli, then tympani and then the cochlear duct

Question 36

sound is composed of areas of (2)

Answer 36

rarefraction compression

Question 37

sound is represented by what type of wave

Answer 37

a sine wave (think sound, sine)

Question 38

what property of sound is measure in decibels

Answer 38

amplitude

Question 39

what is the name for the subjective interpretation of sound intensity

Answer 39

loudness

Question 40

what is the name for the number of waves that pass a given point in a given time

Answer 40

frequency

Question 41

what is the perception of different frequencies

Answer 41

pitch

Question 42

what is another way of describing a hertz

Answer 42

cycle per second

Question 43

what is another name for the ear canal

Answer 43

external acoustic meatus

Question 44

what are the receptive cells in the ear

Answer 44

hair cells

Question 45

what stimulates the cochlear nerve

Answer 45

moving hair cells

Question 46

what sends impulses to the brain

Answer 46

cochlear nerve

Question 47

why do different frequencies vibrate the basilar membrane in different places

Answer 47

because at the base it has short stiff fibers, but it has long floppy fibers at the end that dont require as much force to move

Question 48

sounds with frequencies below hearing levels go around the ________ and do not excite hair cells

Answer 48

helicotrema

Question 49

sounds in the hearing range go through the ________

Answer 49

cochlear duct

Question 50

what is another name for the helicotrema

Answer 50

the apex

Question 51

what is the apex also known as

Answer 51

the helicotrema

Question 52

vibration goes in the _____ window and ends at the _____ window

Answer 52

oval; round

Question 53

what is another name for the hair cells

Answer 53

the stereocilia

Question 54

in the corti, afferent fibers of the cochlear nerve attach to

Answer 54

the base of hair cells

Question 55

what are stereocilia

Answer 55

hair cells

Question 56

what membrane do the stereocilia touch

Answer 56

the tectorial membrane

Question 57

what channels open when cilia bends

Answer 57

mechanically gated calcium and potassium

Question 58

when cilia is bent, what is caused (2)

Answer 58

a graded potential and the release of a neurotransmitter

Question 59

what does the released neurotransmitter do

Answer 59

causes cochlear fibers to transmit impulses to the brain

Question 60

what is the difference between the inner and outer hair cells

Answer 60

inner hair cells are sensory outer hair cells improve hearing sensitivity

Question 61

hair cells have numerous ____

Answer 61

hairs lol

Question 62

what are the hair cells linked together by

Answer 62

tip links

Question 63

what is the typical neurotransmitter released when a graded potential occurss

Answer 63

glutamate

Question 64

what specifically opens the mechanically gated ion channels

Answer 64

when inner hair cells bend, the tension on the tip links opens the channels

Question 65

where is pitch perceived

Answer 65

primary auditory cortex

Question 66

where is loudness perceived

Answer 66

cochlear cells/ number of cells stimulated

Question 67

localization is perceived by

Answer 67

the superior olivary nuclei

Question 68

where are the two maculae

Answer 68

one in the utricle one in the saccule

Question 69

what moves the hair bundles in the vestibular system

Answer 69

gravity acting on the otolithic membrane

Question 70

utricular hairs respond to ________ movement

Answer 70

horizontal

Question 71

saccular hairs respond to _______ movement

Answer 71

vertical

Question 72

vestibular receptors monitor _______ equilibrium

Answer 72

static

Question 73

semicircular canal receptors monitor ___________ equilibrium

Answer 73

dynamic

Question 74

where is the otolithic membrane located

Answer 74

in the maculae

Question 75

otoliths are composed of

Answer 75

calcium carbonate

Question 76

action potentials in the vestibular nerve _______ when movement is towards kinocilia

Answer 76

increase

Question 77

action potentials in the vestibular nerve _______ when movement is away form kinocilia

Answer 77

decrease

Question 78

what happens when hairs in the maculae bend towards the kinocilium

Answer 78

the hair cells depolarize

Question 79

what happens when hairs in the maculae bend away from the kinocilium

Answer 79

the hair cells hyperpolarize

Question 80

the crista ampullaris responds to ______ movements

Answer 80

angular

Question 81

where are crista located

Answer 81

in the ampulla of semicircular canals

Question 82

what are the three modes of input for balance and orientation

Answer 82

vestibular receptors visual receptors somatic receptors