Bones and skeleton shit

Question 1

Trabeculae

Answer 1

Small supporting beam in spongy bone tissue

Question 2

What are the three types of cartilage

Answer 2

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

Question 3

What type of cartilage is the most abundant

Answer 3

Hyaline

Question 4

What gives bone tissue it’s hardness

Answer 4

Calcium salts

Question 5

What are the cavities in bone tissue for (2)

Answer 5

Fat storage and blood cell synthesis

Question 6

What are the four stages of creating a bone cell

Answer 6

osteoprogenitor cell
osteoblast
osteocyte
osteoclast

Question 7

What is the dense outer layer of bone

Answer 7

Compact bone

Question 8

What is the name for spongy bone

Answer 8

Trabecular bone

Question 9

What is the periosteum

Answer 9

Membrane that covers the outer layer of bone

Question 10

What does the periosteum consist of (2)

Answer 10

outer fibrous layer
inner osteogenic layer

Question 11

What is the fibrous layer of the periosteum made of

Answer 11

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 12

What is the osteogenic layer of the periosteum made of

Answer 12

osteoblasts

Question 13

What is the endosteum

Answer 13

membrane that covers trabeculae and lines canals

Question 14

What does the axial skeleton consist of

Answer 14

Head and torso

Question 15

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of

Answer 15

Limbs

Question 16

How are bones classified

Answer 16

By their shape

Question 17

What are the 4 types of bone classification

Answer 17

Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones

Question 18

What is the bone resorbing cell

Answer 18

Osteoclast

Question 19

What cell is responsible for bone growth

Answer 19

Osteoblast

Question 20

What is the name for the shaft of long bones

Answer 20

Diaphysis

Question 21

What part of a long bone has a marrow cavity

Answer 21

Diaphysis

Question 22

Whats the name for the ends of a long bone

Answer 22

Epiphysis

Question 23

What is the interior of epiphyses filled with

Answer 23

Spongy bone

Question 24

Epiphyses have a thin layer of what on outer surface

Answer 24

Hyaline cartilage

Question 25

Whats another word for compact bone

Answer 25

Lamellar bone

Question 26

What is the haversian system

Answer 26

Osteons

Question 27

What is the structural unit of compact bone

Answer 27

Osteons

Question 28

Describe the shape of an osteon

Answer 28

Long cylinder Several rings of bone matrix

Question 29

What are lamella

Answer 29

Rings of bone matrix

Question 30

Why do collagen fibers run in different directions in osteons

Answer 30

Increase strength

Question 31

What is an articular surface

Answer 31

Joint

Question 32

What does lamellar bone consist of (3)

Answer 32

Osteon canals/canaliculi interstitial and circumferential lamellae

Question 33

What canal is a passageway for blood vessels

Answer 33

Central canal

Question 34

Whats the role of perforating canals

Answer 34

Connects central canals

Question 35

Does spongy bone have osteons

Answer 35

No

Question 36

What kind of bone has osteons

Answer 36

Lamellar bone

Question 37

whats the name for small cavities within bony matrix

Answer 37

Lacunae

Question 38

what are the canals that connect lacunae

Answer 38

canaliculi

Question 39

what fills gaps between forming osteons

Answer 39

interstitial lamellae

Question 40

sheets of bone deep to periosteum

Answer 40

Circumferential lamellae

Question 41

What are the four steps of repairing a fracture

Answer 41

Hematoma forms Fibrocartilaginous callus forms Bony callus forms bone remodeling occurs

Question 42

in what step of fracture repairs do macrophages come to clean up the area

Answer 42

when fibrocartilaginous callus forms

Question 43

when do osteoclasts resorb damaged bone

Answer 43

during the formation of fibrocartilaginous callus

Question 44

what 3 cells lay down collagen fibers and tissue during fracture repair

Answer 44

fibroblasts osteoblasts chondroblasts

Question 45

What happens when a hematoma forms

Answer 45

local bone cells lose oxygen and die

Question 46

What occurs when bony callus forms in fracture repair

Answer 46

cartilage is converted to trabecular bone

Question 47

what is osteoporosis

Answer 47

when the bones become porous

Question 48

How does estrogen affect osteoporosis (2)

Answer 48

Restrains osteoclast activity Promotes deposition of new bone

Question 49

What happens if osteoclasts are too active

Answer 49

Bone becomes porous

Question 50

What is the epiphyseal line a remnant of

Answer 50

growth plate

Question 51

Where will you find the epiphyseal line

Answer 51

Between diaphysis and epiphysis

Question 52

Where can you find a marrow cavity excluding long bones

Answer 52

nowhere ;)

Question 53

What are the four zones of interstitial growth

Answer 53

Proliferation zone Hypertrophic zone Calcification zone Ossification zone

Question 54

In what zone of interstitial growth do cartilage cells undergo mitosis

Answer 54

proliferation zone

Question 55

What happens at the hypertrophic zone

Answer 55

old cartilage cells enlarge

Question 56

What signifies the end of longitudinal growth

Answer 56

When the epiphyseal plates close

Question 57

What is the name for bones getting thicker

Answer 57

Appositional growth

Question 58

What bone cell deposits new bone

Answer 58

Osteoblasts

Question 59

What two things happen during appositional growth

Answer 59

Osteoblasts lay down bone Osteoclasts resorbs inner bone

Question 60

Where are the 4 zones for interstitial growth located

Answer 60

At the epiphyseal plates

Question 61

What model is the basis for endocronal ossification

Answer 61

Hyaline cartilage model

Question 62

In short bones, what do they have instead of secondary ossification centers

Answer 62

Nothing, they only have a primary

Question 63

Do irregular bones have secondary ossification centers

Answer 63

Not necessarily, they just have a bunch of centers

Question 64

What glands release parathyroid hormones

Answer 64

Parathyroid glands

Question 65

Whats the function of parathyroid hormones

Answer 65

Tell osteoclasts to resorb bone, and deposit that calcium into the bloodstream

Question 66

What does parathyroid hormones control

Answer 66

Calcium homeostasis