SN midterm Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
effects of alcohol on pregnancy (4)
A
fetal alcohol syndrome
spontaneous abortion
low birth rate
mental retardation
2
Q
the safest time to provide dental care to pregnant PT
A
second trimester
3
Q
what trimester is the embryo highly susceptible to injuries and malformations
A
1st trimester
4
Q
effect hormones have on the oral cavity of pregnant PT
A
gingival changes
5
Q
how soon can gingival changes appear
A
2 months
6
Q
can untreated condition continue to rise as hormone levels reach maximum levels by the 8th month?
A
yes
7
Q
does poor conditions disappear after birth if not treated?
A
no, it continues following birth
8
Q
what is the oral pyogenic granuloma called?
A
pregnancy tumor
9
Q
is the pregnancy tumor cancerous?
A
no, its benign
10
Q
description of pregnancy tumor; appearance
A
isolated
soft round enlargement in interdental area
11
Q
the pregnancy tumor color is based on what?
A
vascularity
12
Q
identify the dental procedures contraindicated during 1st trimester of pregnancy; what kind of procedures can not be performed on pregnancy PT until 2nd trimester
A
elective dental care
13
Q
elective dental care EX
A
restorative
14
Q
should pregnant PT get radiographs?
A
only if necessary
15
Q
steps to take when taking Pregnant PT radiographs
A
proper placement
exposure time
processing to avoid retakes
16
Q
essential vitamins needed for pregnancy
A
herbal proteins minerals iron VIT D folate VIT A
17
Q
is herbal regulated by the FDA
A
no
18
Q
minerals contain (2)
A
calcium
phosphorus
19
Q
what does folate prevent
A
neural tube defects and low birth weight
20
Q
what does VIT-A prevent
A
pre-term birth
21
Q
how can TOO much of VIT-A cause
A
birth defects
22
Q
what can echinacea cause during pregnancy
A
allergic reactions
23
Q
should drugs be avoided during breastfeeding
A
yes
24
Q
where does the drugs go through with lactating mothers
A
placenta
enter circulation of the fetus
25
what effects does tetracycline cause on babies
staining of permanent teeth
26
limit juice to how much
4-6 oz
27
should children avoid soda
yes
28
children should get food as a reward
no, avoid food as reward
29
should children eat large healthy meals?
no, SMALL healthy meals
30
should children be able to have as much sweets as they during meal time
no, limit sweets to mealtimes
31
children should avoid grazing on the sippy cup
yes
32
when should children have their first dental visit
6 months
after 1st tooth erupts
or by age 1
33
most common microorganism found in the saliva of children associated with early childhood caries
SM; mutans streptococci
34
progressive pattern baby bottle caries appears in the mouth; most common to least common
MX ANT
all molars
MN ANT
35
last primary tooth to erupt
canines
36
what is the ADA guideline for fluoride supplement for the baby receiving their total dietary intake through breast feeding
0.25 mg
37
describe bifid uvula
cleft in uvula examine for submucous palatal cleft
38
when does fluorosis occur in primary teeth
middle of the first year of life
39
fluorosis is the result of
excessive fluoride intake
40
what ages is PT most susceptible to fluorosis
1-3 years
41
fluoride varnish is best treat white spot lesions on primary teeth
yes
42
at what age should children completely stop thumb sucking
3 years
43
describe the oral manifestations of cleft palate
failure of normal fusion of embryonic processes during development of the first trimester
44
the oral manifestations of cleft palate; includes
globular process and the MX process
45
describe cleft stage; 1
cleft on the tip of uvula
46
describe cleft stage; 2
cleft on the uvula (bifid)
47
describe cleft stage; 3
cleft on the soft palate
48
describe cleft stage; 4
cleft on the soft and hard palates
49
describe cleft stage; 5
cleft on the soft and hard palates continue through the alveolar ridge on one side of pre maxilla
50
describe cleft stage; 6
cleft on the soft and hard palates continue through the alveolar ridge on both sides of pre maxilla
51
describe cleft stage; 7
cleft in muscle union of soft palate, closure to the oral pharynx is incompetent
52
types of appliances used for cleft
obturator
| orthodontics
53
types of procedures used for cleft
```
rhinoplasty
tonsillectomy
adenoidectomy
pharyngeal plasty
bone grafting
```
54
DEF rhinoplasty
nasal septum correction
55
when does embryologic development of the upper lip occur?
lip- 4-7 weeks in utero
56
when is cleft evident
second month in utero
57
when does embryologic development of the palate occur?
8-12 weeks
58
when is cleft evident
end of 3rd month
59
most common problem associated with orofacial clefts in children
```
malocclusion
speech
muscle coordination
hearing loss
facial deformaties
airways and breathing
```
60
which orofacial cleft is the most severe
6
61
major hormones and their functions on the body
```
pineal
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
thyroid
parathyroid
thymus
adrenals
```
62
pineal function
sleep
63
hypothalamus function
communicates with the pituitary gland
64
pituitary function
prolactin
growth hormone
thyroid stimiliating hormone
65
follicle function
stimulates hormone
66
thyroid function
regulates metabolism
67
stages of adolescence changes in the body and psychosocial
10-21
68
early ages
10-13 years
69
middle ages
14-17 years
70
late ages
18-21 years
71
psychological; early
want dependence
72
psychological; middle
importance of body image
73
psychological; late
peer pressure and lifestyle
74
psychological; 10-21
establishment of sexual, ego, vocational, and moral identities
75
oral conditions associated with hormonal changes
dental caries
gingivitis
periodontal disease LAP
76
menstruation; PMS/ PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
77
Amenorhhea DEF
absence of menstrual periods
78
contraceptives
estrogen and progesterone
single pill
injectable depo
subdermal implant
79
intake; estrogen and progesterone
1 pill each 21 days
80
intake; single pill
1 pill a day
81
intake; depo
1 every 12 weeks
82
intake; subdermal
slow release for 5 years
83
menopause and its effects on a woman
```
hot flashes
headaches
night sweats
sleeping problems
decreased libido
weight gain
```
84
host response to bacterial challenges
?
85
host response to bacterial challenges, with presence of hormones
?
86
dental hygiene interventions that prevent inflammatory disease during puberty and menses
?
87
describe relation of bisphophonates to osteoporosis
inhibits bone resorption
88
biologic age is synonymous with chronologic age?
no
89
does signs of aging appear differently in different people?
yes
90
biological age DEF
insides look age
91
chronological age DEF
actual age
92
musculoskeletal system
decrease bone volume
| diminished muscular strength
93
physiologic changes observed (8)
```
curvature of cervical vertebrae
skin
cardiovascular system
respiratory system
gastro intestinal system
peripheral nervous system
senses endocrine system
immune system
```
94
know factors that influence pathology (4)
biologic
environmental
psychosocial
lifestyle all influence longevity
95
common disease the elderly may exhibit and the cause/ treatment
```
arthritis
hypertension
visual hearing
cardiovascular
diabetes
```
96
oral findings might be observed int eh older adult including soft tissue and teeth
```
recession
yellowing
thin tissues
attrition
worn restorations
xerostomia
oral candidiasis
root caries
sublingual varicosities
attrition
```
97
perceived barriers the elderly have to seeking dental hygiene care
lack of perceived need
economic barriers
physical barriers
98
identify and define key terms and concepts related to oral and MX surgery
alveolar process
| le fort
99
identify causes, classification, and treatment options for facial fractures; causes
trauma
predisposing pathologic conditions
tumors
emergency care
100
identify causes, classification, and treatment options for facial fractures; types
simple
compound- communited
simple commented compound shattered
incomplete
101
compound- communited
open to outside
102
imcomplete AKA
green stick
103
identify causes, classification, and treatment options for facial fractures; treatment
reduction
fixation
immobolization
104
Le Fort classifications; ID (3) levels of MX fractures; 1
above roots of teeth
above palate
across the MX sinus
below zygomatic process
105
Le Fort classifications; ID (3) levels of MX fractures;2
extends over the middle of the nose
106
Le Fort classifications; ID (3) levels of MX fractures;3
over the bridge of nose and include the orbits of the eye
107
discuss dental hygiene interventions for PT before and after general surgery; prior
```
reduce biofilm
calculus
give OHI
instruct diet
explain the surgery
give post OP instructions
need transportation
no alcohol or smoking
what to bring and what not to bring
```
108
discuss dental hygiene interventions for PT before and after general surgery; essential for healing is
protein
VIT-A and VIT-C
calcium
phosphorus
109
discuss dental hygiene interventions for PT before and after general surgery; after
```
control bleeding
no rinsing
rest
diet
ice pack
cold wet tea bag
pain control
instructions if complications
```
110
plan and document dental hygiene care, oral health education, and dietary recommendations for PTs before and after oral and MX surgery
yes
111
cancer DEF
transformation of normal cells into malignant
112
how are cancers classified and described
carcinomas
sarcomas
blood and lymphatic
113
what are the risk factors for developing cancer
```
tobacco
alcohol
sunlight
environment
viruses
```
114
why is it important to plan comprehensive and coordinate dental hygiene care for your PT before, during and after treatment for cancer
```
PT in optimal oral health
eliminates sources
provide written instruction
provide post reinforcement
OHI
```
115
identify the dental hygiene interventions you will most likely provide for your patient before the medical treatment for cancer begins
OHI (kiss rule)
| provide written instructions
116
radiation therapy for cancer is most likely to have oral effects if the field of radiations concentrated in your patient's head and neck area.
mucositis
xerostomia
increase radiation caries
trismus
117
ID the long-term complications of radiation treatment on oral tissues
mucositis/ stomatitis
xerostomia
infections
bleeding
118
ID signs and symptoms of radiation and chemotherapy- induced stomatitis
?
119
list recommendations you can make to help your patient reduce sensitivity and increase ability to maintain daily oral hygiene measures when mucositis is a problem during cancer treatment
?
120
radiation to salivary glands can cause a serious reduction in secretion of saliva. chemotherapy treatments can also induce a transient xerostomia. ID the ways that xerostomia can effect oral cavity
radiation caries
2
3
121
what suggestions can you make to help your PT manage xerostomia during and after cancer treatments
?
122
ID measures that can prevent radiation caries
?
123
what are the systemic side effects of chemotherapy cancer treatments
```
alopecia
anemia
immunosuppressed
poor appetite
xerostomia
```
124
list types of oral infections that are common during and after radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy treatment for cancer
?
125
describe osteonecrosis
increased risk with combination therapy and increase dosage. also decreased risk with floor of the mouth lesions and smokers
126
what oral changes can influence/ restrict nutritional intake and further compromise the health status of a patient who is undergoing cancer therapy
?
127
carcinomas describe
epithelial tissue; most common
128
sarcomas describe
connective tissue- adults and children
129
blood and lymphatic
leukemia
130
tobacco can effect where with cancer
head
neck
lung
bladder
131
alcohol can effect where with cancer
head
neck
bladder
liver
132
sunlight can effect where with cancer
skin
133
environmental can effect where with cancer
lung
134
alopecia DEF
loss of hair
135
anemia EF
bone marrow
