Social 8 Chapter 2 Test Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is a Crusade?
A crusade is one of the Christian military expeditions made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the muslims.
What is a city-state?
A politically independent city and the rural area around it
What is the rural area around a city-state called?
The hinterland
What is a monarchy?
A country or place that is ruled by a king or queen.
What is usury?
The practice of charging interest when loaning money to someone
What is a Republic?
A state in which power is held by the people
What was the Silk Road?
The name of a network of trade routes that connected civilization in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. (from Europe to Asia [and Africa])
What caused the rise of trade between western Europe and the east?
Crusades, desire to know more, power. The Crusades did because Europeans saw these new oils, spices, and varieties of fruits and wanted more. This want for more led to trading. Desire to know more because people wanted to see other places, saw that they had cool stuff, and wanted it. Then they ended up trading it. Power too because if you had good relationships with other places and trade you got money. Money = power
What were the results of the Crusades?
The results of the Crusades were contact with muslim civilization and trade. Contact with Muslims led to European exposure to new ideas on medicine, astronomy, philosophy, math, and literature so there were advances in learning.
Why were the Italian City states so successful?
Geography (close to water and africa), climate (mild, long growing season), leadership (independent city-states not monarchies), social organization (not much feudalism, nobles moved to towns upper class, business and banking)
Was it better if a trade route was on water?
Yes it was because that was the fastest and cheapest way to trade.
What changes resulted in Italian city-states after they became wealthy from trading?
There was more competition between city states, commerce and businesses grew, bankers and merchants got rich, people wanted leaders who promised stability. People also wanted power and there was a rise in population in successful places.
What were 5 differences between Northern Italy and the rest of Europe (during Renaissance)?
Northern Italy was closest to port cities of Northern Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Northern Italy’s climate was milder. Northern Italy had independent city states not monarchy. Northern Italy didn’t focus much on feudalism. Northern Italians had more exposure to culture outside of Europe.
What were the political conditions in Italy and Northern Europe?
In Italy, there were independent city states. In Europe, there was a monarchy
What were the economic conditions in Northern Europe vs Italy?
In Northern Europe, the economy was based on trade. In Italy it was based on trade, commerce, and banking.
What were the trade conditions in Northern Europe and Italy?
In Northern Europe, traders could go on the Silk Road and other routes to trade. In Italy, people could go on trading routes too but they did it first so they were more exposed than other Europeans.
What were the positive aspects of the rise of trade?
Europeans gained knowledge, they got wealthy from trading, they were able to make banks, and they could sell their products from the raw material for more money. Merchants got the chance to grow their businesses.
What were the negative aspects of the rise of trade?
If you were a consumer you paid a lot for these products, not everyone could travel and trade, trading caused more competition between city states.
What were the 4 business practices in Renaissance Europe?
Partnerships and Joint Stock Company, Banks, Bills of Exchange, and Insurance
What was a joint stock company? What was its purpose?
In a joint stock company, people could purchase shares of the company. These people with the shares became partial owners and investors in the company. The purpose was to limit risks and costs associated with certain types of business. It was also used to raise capital for larger projects.
What is capital?
Money.
What was the purpose of banks in the Renaissance?
They provided money lending services as well as issuing Bills of Exchange.
What were Bills of Exchange and what were their purpose?
They were like a chequing account. The merchant would deposit gold and recieved the bill of exchange to turn in for gold at other banks. This was used especially when trading (safer and easier).
Was was insurance in the Renaissance? What was its purpose?
A person travelling would pay a small fee to insure their goods. If they were damaged or lost, the insurance company pays replacement costs. If the goods were safe, insurance company kept money.
