Social and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Question 1

What is the connection between the sense of belonging and well-being?

Answer 1

There is a connection where feelings of belonging improve a person’s level of health

Question 2

What is the mortality rate among religious participants?

Answer 2

Mortality is lowest among religious participants

Question 3

What benefits come from participation in religious activities?

Answer 3

Benefits include opportunity to help others and intergenerational involvement

Question 4

What is the relationship between volunteering and happiness in older adults?

Answer 4

People who volunteer are happier and healthier in their elder years

Question 5

What age group of Canadians volunteers the most hours annually?

Answer 5

Canadians aged 65 to 74 clocked the highest number of annual volunteer hours (234 hours)

Question 6

What contributes to life satisfaction in older adults?

Answer 6

A sense of personal well-being and an individual’s perception of her own situation

Question 7

Which age group has the highest levels of life satisfaction?

Answer 7

Older Canadians, along with adolescents, have the highest levels of life satisfaction

Question 8

What is a criticism of the Successful Aging Paradigm?

Answer 8

It can give the erroneous impression that all effects of aging are under one’s control

Question 9

What is religious coping?

Answer 9

A primary means of managing anxiety and depression among seniors

Question 10

Which gender tends to utilize religious coping more in Canada?

Answer 10

Canadian women make more use of religious coping than men

Question 11

How do religious seniors view aging compared to nonreligious peers?

Answer 11

Religious seniors are more likely to view old age as a chapter in an ongoing story

Question 12

What is a common concern among potential employers regarding older adults?

Answer 12

Older adults’ ability to learn new job skills

Question 13

What factors can affect an older adult’s recovery after a health crisis?

Answer 13

Willingness to engage in rehabilitation and individual responses to health crises

Question 14

What is the impact of retirement on health?

Answer 14

Retirement has essentially no impact on health; individuals may retire due to poor health

Question 15

What is the effect of marital status on life satisfaction among older adults?

Answer 15

Married older adults have higher life satisfaction, better health, and lower rates of depression

Question 16

What does the concept of successful aging include?

Answer 16

Good physical health, retention of mental abilities, and engagement in social and productive activities

Question 17

What is the relationship between social engagement and successful aging?

Answer 17

Social engagement provides opportunities for older adults to give and receive support

Question 18

What is cognitive adventurousness?

Answer 18

A willingness to learn new things that contributes to successful aging

Question 19

What is the activity theory in late-life psychosocial functioning?

Answer 19

The idea that it is normal and healthy for older adults to remain as active as possible

Question 20

What is the disengagement theory?

Answer 20

The theory that it is normal and healthy for older adults to scale down their social lives

Question 21

What does continuity theory suggest?

Answer 21

Older adults adapt life-long interests and activities to limitations imposed by physical aging

Question 22

What is the impact of poverty on unattached older adults in Canada?

Answer 22

Unattached older adults continue to be poorer than their peers who live in families

Question 23

What percentage of seniors move within a 5-year period?

Answer 23

Only about 30% of seniors move within a 5-year period

Question 24

What is an amenity move?

Answer 24

A post-retirement move away from kin to a location that has desirable features

Question 25

What is compensatory migration?

Answer 25

A move to a location near family or friends when an elder requires frequent help

Question 26

What is institutional migration?

Answer 26

A move to an institution such as a nursing home necessitated by a disability

Question 27

What is the overall balance of emotions in the life-review process correlated with?

Answer 27

Seniors’ mental health

Question 28

What is the significance of reminiscence in older adults?

Answer 28

It is a positive emotional experience often seen as a way of communicating experiences

Question 29

What is the role of social isolation in older adults' health?

Answer 29

Social isolation can lead to feelings of loneliness and is associated with an increased risk of mortality

Question 30

Fill in the blank: Successful aging has three components: good physical health, retention of mental abilities, and _______.

Answer 30

continuing engagement in social and productive activities

Question 31

True or False: Critics of the Successful Aging Paradigm believe it should be balanced against the realities of life in late adulthood.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What percentage of Canadians over age 65 live in long-term care or senior’s residential homes?

Answer 32

6.8%

Question 33

How do the ages of couples in Canada today compare to the past?

Answer 33

Couples are closer in age to each other now

Question 34

What type of abuse are male abusers more likely to commit?

Answer 34

Physical abuse

Question 35

What type of abuse are female abusers more likely to commit?

Answer 35

Neglect

Question 36

What percentage of seniors reported emotional abuse and/or financial exploitation?

Answer 36

7%

Question 37

What are common victim risk factors for elder abuse?

Answer 37

* Functional dependence on others * Disability * Poor physical and/or mental health * Cognitive impairment * Low income

Question 38

What contributes to older adults' sense of well-being?

Answer 38

Social relationships

Question 39

What is essential to life satisfaction for most elderly adults?

Answer 39

Meaningful social roles

Question 40

How often do 50% of older parents in Canada see their children?

Answer 40

At least once a week

Question 41

What is more important for seniors: the satisfaction with family contacts or the frequency of visitation?

Answer 41

Satisfaction with family contacts

Question 42

True or False: Childless elders are just as happy and well-adjusted as those who have children.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What type of interactions between grandparents and grandchildren are beneficial?

Answer 43

Interactions between grandchildren and grandparents

Question 44

What portion of retirement income do non-government sources provide?

Answer 44

The largest portion

Question 45

What is the average income level of retired adults in most developed countries compared to pre-retirement levels?

Answer 45

60-80% of pre-retirement levels

Question 46

What is the median retirement age for Canadian women compared to men?

Answer 46

1.5 years younger

Question 47

Fill in the blank: Those who anticipate _______ in addition to CPP or QPP retire earlier.

Answer 47

pension support

Question 48

What health condition creates a strong push toward early retirement?

Answer 48

Poor health

Question 49

What was the average retirement age in Canada in 2000?

Answer 49

61 years of age

Question 50

What characterizes the transition from work to retirement?

Answer 50

A remarkable capacity for adaptation

Question 51

How do social networks differ between older men and women?

Answer 51

Men’s friendships involve less disclosure and less intimacy

Question 52

What impact does contact with friends have on older adults?

Answer 52

Significant impact on life satisfaction, self-esteem, and loneliness

Question 53

What is a common characteristic of friendships compared to family relationships for older adults?

Answer 53

More reciprocal or equitable

Question 54

What is the relationship between religious service attendance and life satisfaction among Canadian adults?

Answer 54

Regular attendees are more optimistic, physically healthier, live longer, and are less stressed.

Question 55

True or False: Adult women attend religious services more regularly than men.

Answer 55

True