Social and Personality Development in Middle Adulthood

Question 1

What happens to marital stability and satisfaction in mid-life?

Answer 1

Increase as conflicts over child-rearing decline and a sense of control increases

Shared friendships increase, while non-shared friendships decrease

Question 2

What is skilled diplomacy in the context of marriage?

Answer 2

A problem-solving approach involving confrontation about an issue followed by efforts to restore harmony

Question 3

What is the Sandwich Generation?

Answer 3

Middle-aged adults caring for both elderly parents and young children at the same time

Question 4

What percentage of Canadian caregivers are in the Sandwich Generation?

Answer 4

Nearly 30%

Question 5

What is caregiver burden?

Answer 5

The difficulties and challenges faced by those caring for seniors

Question 6

What do most caregivers report about their experience?

Answer 6

They derive personal satisfaction or enjoyment from providing assistance

Question 7

What challenges do high-intensity sandwich generation caregivers face?

Answer 7

Extra expenses, more work absences, and reduced quality of life

Question 8

What factors shape parents’ feelings about their children leaving home?

Answer 8

Ethnocultural values, relationship quality, living arrangements, financial circumstances

Question 9

What does the empty nest phenomenon refer to?

Answer 9

Parents’ feelings when their children leave home

Question 10

What is the role of stem cells in disease treatment?

Answer 10

They can be used to treat diseases, but how to control their specialization is still unknown

Question 11

What is generativity according to Erikson?

Answer 11

Finding meaning in contributing to the development of younger individuals

Question 12

What is a common pattern of grandparenting?

Answer 12

Companionate relationships, where grandparents have frequent contact and warm interactions

Question 13

What are the basic styles of grandparenting?

Answer 13

• Companionate relationships
• Remote relationships
• Involved relationships

Question 14

What is the likelihood of being a grandparent as age increases?

Answer 14

It increases, with over three-quarters of Canadians over 65 being grandparents

Question 15

What is the primary role of Canadian women in elder care?

Answer 15

They are most likely to be actively involved in caregiving for elderly parents

Question 16

What is the prevalence of caregiver burden among daughters compared to sons?

Answer 16

Sons experience far less caregiver burden than daughters

Question 17

What are the retirement preparation trends among Canadians aged 55 to 64?

Answer 17

~80% are preparing for retirement, but fewer than half know how much to save

Question 18

What are the five approaches to nonwork pursuits in retirement?

Answer 18

• Wealth Builders
• Anxious Idealists
• Empowered Trailblazers
• Stretched and Stressed Boomers
• Leisure Lifers

Question 19

What are the Big Five personality traits?

Answer 19

• Conscientiousness
• Agreeableness
• Neuroticism
• Openness
• Extraversion

Question 20

What changes occur in the Big Five personality traits with age?

Answer 20

• Openness, extraversion, and neuroticism decline
• Agreeableness and conscientiousness increase until age 70, then decline

Question 21

What is the life events approach in middle adulthood?

Answer 21

It focuses on normative and non-normative events and adult responses to them

Question 22

What is role conflict?

Answer 22

Situations where two or more roles are partially incompatible

Question 23

What is role strain?

Answer 23

The strain experienced when one’s qualities or skills do not meet role demands

Question 24

What is the impact of involuntary nonmobility on workers?

Answer 24

It negatively impacts well-being and can lead to depressive symptoms

Question 25

What is the relationship between job satisfaction and age?

Answer 25

Job satisfaction is typically at its peak in middle age

Question 26

What is selective optimization with compensation?

Answer 26

A strategy to maintain productivity by selecting central tasks, optimizing abilities, and compensating for obstacles

Question 27

What is the effect of re-employment on mental health after job loss?

Answer 27

It reverses negative patterns associated with job loss

Question 28

What is the significance of the 'keeper of the meaning' stage in Vaillant's revision of Erikson's theory?

Answer 28

Focus on preserving cultural institutions and values for future generations

Question 29

What are the psychological effects of adverse childhood experiences?

Answer 29

They can be compensated for through resiliency and effective coping

Question 30

What is the significance of generativity in middle age?

Answer 30

It is positively related to mental health and is associated with rewarding work and civic engagement

Question 31

What is work-related burnout?

Answer 31

Lack of energy, exhaustion, and pessimism that results from chronic stress ## Footnote Burnout can significantly impact employee performance and satisfaction.

Question 32

How can individuals avoid burnout?

Answer 32

By learning to pace themselves and relying less on external sources of job satisfaction ## Footnote Self-management strategies are crucial for preventing burnout.

Question 33

What is the shift in goal orientation among younger Canadian adults?

Answer 33

Younger Canadian adults have more career growth goals ## Footnote This reflects a generational difference in workplace aspirations.

Question 34

What do older workers focus on in their career goals?

Answer 34

Personal fulfillment, the nature of the work, job stability, and/or financial security ## Footnote Older workers often prioritize different aspects of work compared to younger workers.

Question 35

What effect do negative stereotypes toward aging have on older employees?

Answer 35

They perform worse on a range of memory, psychomotor, physiological, and social measures ## Footnote Stereotypes can negatively influence performance and self-perception.

Question 36

True or False: Older workers are more likely than younger workers to experience work-related burnout.

Answer 36

False ## Footnote Older workers are less likely to experience burnout compared to younger workers.