Social and Economic Issues

Question 1

Business Improvement District

Answer 1

area has increased taxes to fund public space improvements to enhance appeal; all benefiting business owners pay

Question 2

Tax Increment Financing

Answer 2

civic improvements to stimulate development are bonded; bond is paid off based on tax increase on properties which are assessed at a higher value after improvements

Question 3

General Obligation Bond

Answer 3

used to fund public projects that receive voter approval; all taxpayers in jurisdiction pay bond through increased property tax

Question 4

Developer Impact Fee

Answer 4

used to fund infrastructure needed to support new developments; generally paid by developer, who looks for areas with lowest fees

Question 5

Debt Service

Answer 5

long-term cost to owner to pay off construction loan; not included in project cost

Question 6

Ad Valorem Tax

Answer 6

based on value of property (latin means “according to value”)
may be assessed at time of purchase or annually

Question 7

Amoritization

Answer 7

decreasing or accounting for an amount over a period of time

Question 8

Deed Restriction

Answer 8

limitation on use of property (typically by original developers) that can’t be changed by future owners

Question 9

Restrictive Covenant

Answer 9

limitations and stipulations in residential settings related to vegetation, pets, storage…

Question 10

Affirmative Covenant

Answer 10

commits buyer to performing duties, usually maintenance. could be condo fees, etc.

Question 11

Conditional Covenant

Answer 11

a covenant which, if violated, causes property to revert to previous owner or heirs of owner

Question 12

Easement

Answer 12

right to use portion of property without ownership, typically for utilities

Question 13

Right-of-way

Answer 13

right to cross private property to access property

Question 14

Party Wall Agreement

Answer 14

agreement on how to carry out building work on wall shared by 2 owners

Question 15

Blanket Loan

Answer 15

developer uses to purchase land intended fo rsubdividing and resale; each lot is releaed from loan at sale and debt is repaid as part of sale price

Question 16

Bridge Loan

Answer 16

quick loan used to close and start construction while official/long term loan is negotiated

Question 17

Mezzanine Loan

Answer 17

has variable interest rate that gets higher - risky - stock in company is collateral

Question 18

Behaviour Setting

Answer 18

space with definable boundaries and objects where a typical pattern of behaviour occurs at a particular time

Question 19

Proxemics

Answer 19

the study of spatial requirements of humans and the effects of population density on behaviour, communication and social interaction

Question 20

Sociofugal

Answer 20

grouping of people that allows privacy

Question 21

Sociopetal

Answer 21

grouping of people that encourages interaction

Question 22

Density as a net value

Answer 22

people/area when area of streets is excluded

Question 23

Density required for public transit to be effective

Answer 23

30 people/acre (1 person/1,452 sf)

Question 24

Housing Types by increasing density

Answer 24

Detached Single Family
Duplex/Two Family House
Row Houses
Walk-Up (+/- 3 floors)
High Rise

Question 25

5 Housing Patterns

Answer 25

``` Street Front End-On Court Cluster (open spae common) PUD (cluster + diversity) ```

Question 26

4 elements of Defensible Space

Answer 26

``` Territoriality Natural Surveillance Image Milieu/Environment OSCAR NEWMAN ```

Question 27

4 levels of Personal Space

Answer 27

``` Intimate: 1.5' Personal: 4' Social: 12' Public: 25' EDWARD HALL ```

Question 28

Premium

Answer 28

qualification that will add cost to a project - short construction period unusual contract provisions, non-standard program elements or client requirements