Social Identity Flashcards
(34 cards)
Social Identity and Self-categorisation Theories (Tajfel & Turner, 1986)
Personal self: unique information about you
Collective self: information about the groups to which you belong
The desire to feel positive about the in-group
Helps maintain self-esteem, meaning and understanding
Subjective Uncertainty Reduction Theory (Hogg & Abrams, 1993; Grieve & Hogg, 1999)
Uncertainty can be reduced by identifying with social groups
In-group bias as a function of categorisation and uncertainty
Capturing (having) in-group identification: Leach et al. (2008)
Group level self-investment: solidarity with in-group members, satisfaction with the in-group, and centrality of in-group identification (SIT?)
Group level self-definition: individual self-stereotyping as an in-group member and perceptions of in-group homogeneity (SCT?)
Excessive in-group identification: Ethnocentrism
Judging another culture based on preconceptions that are found in the values and standards of one’s own culture
Ethnocentrism: Main principles
Social categorization principle
Ingroup positivity principle
Ingroup comparison principle
Outgroup hostility principle
Social categorization principle
Human social groups are organized into discrete ingroup/outgroup categories
Ingroup positivity principle
Individuals value their ingroups positively and maintain positive, cooperative relationships with the members of the ingroup
Ingroup comparison principle
Ingroup attributes are evaluated as better than or superior to those of outgroup
Outgroup hostility principle
Relations between ingroup and outgroup are driven by antagonism, conflict, and mutual contempt
Nationalism
Kosterman & Feschbach, 1989
Idealisation
Superiority and dominance over other countries
The more the U.S. actively influences other countries, the better off these countries will be
The U.S. should not dominate other countries (rev)
Patriotism
Kosterman & Feschbach, 1989
Love and attachment to one’s country
Pride of one’s country
I have great love for my country
Every time I hear the national anthem, I feel strongly moved
Kosterman & Feschbach (1989): Other than nationalism & patriotism
internalisation
Civil liberties
World government
Smugness
People who scored high in Nationalism
Kosterman & Feschbach (1989); Feschbach & White (1987)
Support for the Soviet Union is a wicked and immoral country
Support the nuclear freeze movement, rejection in stopping wars
Have more survivability
Benefits of excessive in-group identification: Brewer, 2003
In-group identification satisfies individual motives, for example:
Existential - seek comfort & scared of dead
Epistemic - learn more about the self
Relational - share contact
Erich Fromm (1973): Group narcissism
It is extremely important as an element giving satisfaction to the members of the group and particularly to those who have few other reasons to feel proud and worthwhile
Individual narcissism
Defensive type of self-esteem - lack of self-esteem
Characterized by a discrepancy between explicit and implicit self-esteem (Bosson et al., 2003; Jordan et al., 2003)
Linked to extreme emotional lability and anger (Emmons, 1987)
And aggressiveness (Baumeister, Bushman & Campbell, 2000
Collective narcissism (CN)
Unrealistically positive image of the in-group contingent on external validation (they want everyone thinks that their group is the best)
Collective Narcissism Scale
Golec de Zavala, Cichocka, Eidelson , & Jayawickreme, 2009
Capture the emtional, cognitive, potential and behavioural consequences
High score = high collective narcissism (my group is excellent and a lot better than the other groups)
Implicit National Self-Esteem Test (based on Greenwald et al., 1998)
discrepancies in low and high implicit collective self-esteem (CSM) leads to a high private CSM
Collective narcissism can arise the evaluation discrepancies that how people see their country
A way to get external validation, try to fix the bad stereotype they have inside (implicit)
Antecedents of collective narcissism (Cichocka et al., 2015)
Political powerlessness and alienation
As they can do anything to fix the bad internal stereotype that they have
Consequences of collective narcissism
Increased perceptions of threat
Support for military aggression
Inability to forgive out-group people
Hostility in response threat (retaliatory hostility)
Intergroup conspiracy beliefs
Government conspiracies
Prejudice
Increased perceptions of threat
if people think they are the best, they can see the other as competitive, so they feel the threat
Collective narcissism and retaliatory hostility (Golec de Zavala, Cichocka, & Iskra-Golec, 2011)
Collective narcissism and threat work together -> create out-group hostility
Only found high level of hostility when the in-group has been criticised by the out-group
