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social inequalities Flashcards

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1
Q

outline the functionalist view on gender inequalities

A

functionalists see gender inequality as positive for society, as it divides up labour, which is functional for society.

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2
Q

outline the new right view on gender inequality

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positive, they believe that men and women both have different roles within society.

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3
Q

outline the marxist viewpoint for gender inequality

A

Marxists are critical of gender inequalities as they see them as beneficial for capitalism

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4
Q

outline the weberism viewpoint of gender inequalities

A

believe that women’s market position limits their power and status as they have less qualifications

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5
Q

outline the postmodern view on gender inequalitys

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they no longer exist, as people now have a choice.

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6
Q

outline the liberal feminist view on gender inequality

A

focus on obtaining equality between men and women

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7
Q

outline the marxist view on gender inequality’s

A

capitalism and patriarchy both oppress women

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8
Q

outline the radical feminist viewpoint on gender inequality

A

patriarchy is the main oppressor of women.

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9
Q

outline the postmodernist view on gender inequalities

A

the online world has allowed for hate against women to go online

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10
Q

outline the main concepts of functionalists viewpoint on gender inequality

A

INSTRUMENTAL VS EXPRESSIVE (Parsons)
men and women have separate roles with society based upon their biological differences. Men are more instrumental, e.g the breadwinner, whilst women stay at home, cooking and cleaning.

HUMAN CAPITAL THEORY (Rastogi)
Hard work is rewarded by income and status. Both men and women have different roles within society, therefore rewarded in different ways

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11
Q

outline the main concepts of the new right approach to gender inequalities.

A

ADVOCATE FOR THE RETURN TO THE NUCLEUR FAMILY AND GENDER ROLES (Murray)
family should have clear gender roles, as if not children can be less gendered and not have a good role model.
therefore men and women should have separate gender roles.

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12
Q

outline marxist concepts which highlight their viewpoint on gender inequality’s

A

RESERVE ARMY OF LABOUR (Benston)
women act as a reserve, only hired when economy is booming but fired when recession hits.

OWNERSHIP OF PRIVATE PROPERTY (Engels)
women are controlled by capitalism, as often the men own houses, or are passed down houses

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13
Q

state the weberist concepts pn gender inequality

A

VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL SEGREGATION (Weber)
women are more likely to dominate lower paid jobs, such as nursing
men and women dominate different levels of jobs, often men dominate manager positions

DUAL LABOUR MARKET THEORY (Barron and Norris)
the economy is divided up into two sectors, primary and secondary.
primary is taken up by males, high paying etc
women dominate the secondary, lower paying jobs, eg cleaning

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14
Q

Outline the Postmodern concepts on gender inequalitys.

A

GENDERQUAKE (Wilkenson)
Women have experienced a seismic shift in attitudes which has caused different societal expectations on women’s lives. Now women are allowed to focus on themselves, and not just having children.

PREFERNCE THEORY (Hakim)
a person now can choose what they want to focus their lives on, and traditional gender roles no longer exist.

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15
Q

outline the main concepts which liberal feminist argue in relation to gender inequality’s

A

GENDER ROLE SOCIALISATION (Oakley)
primary socialisations allows for traditional gender roles to be imposed on children, eg boys are persuaded to exert power and dominate in primary, whilst girls are taught to be shy and caring and lady like

GENDERQUAKE (Wilkenson)
Seismic cultural shift in a woman’s attitudes, therefore leading to the acceptance of prirotising work and career instead of children

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16
Q

outline the main concepts marxist feminists argues in relation to gender inequalities

A

RESERVE ARMY OF LABOUR (Benston)
women are more likely to work part time, only hired when the economy is booming, prohibiting them from gaining power in the workforce.

TRIPLE SHIFT (Dunscombe and Marden)
women are expected to hold down a job, look after the children, and the mental wellbeing of their partner.

SANDWICH GENERATION (Henrietta and Grundy)
middle aged women are left to look after both elderly parents and children

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17
Q

point out the main concepts which radical feminists argue in relation to gender inequality

A

FAMILIAR EXPLOITATION (Delphy and Lenard)
family and marriage pressed women. women often dedicate lots of time and work into marriages, but don’t get a lot back. Men exert more power and subordinate women

PATRIACHAL TERRORISM (Johnson)
men use violence to maintain control over women.

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18
Q

outline the concepts in which postmodernists use to explain gender inequality.

A

GENDERED CYBERHATE (Jane)
men often objectify and sexualise women online. Andrew Tate.

EMPOWERMENT (Bates)
digital forms of communication have had a positive effect, whereby women can empower each other, spreading their own voices. (me too, everyday sexism project)

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19
Q

outline and evidence female inequality in the workplace

A

VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL SEGREGATION (Weber)
89% of nurses are female.

GLASS CEILING (Abbott)
440000 women miss out on promotions due to pregnancy.

CONCRETE CEILING (Davidson)
ethnicity

MOTHERHOOD PENALTY

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20
Q

outline female inequalities within eduction system

A

HIDDEN CURRICULUM

GENDER ROLES (Oakley)

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21
Q

outline female inequalities within crime

A

PATRIACAL TERRORISM (Johnson)

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22
Q

outline female inequalities within wealth and poverty

A

TIME POVERTY (Chant)

OWNERSHIP OF PROPERTY (Egeles)

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23
Q

outline female inequalities within the media

A

SLIMBLONDENESS AND THE MALE GAZE ( Mulvey and Mcrobbie)

GENDERED CYBERHATE (Jane)

EMPOWERMENT (Bates)

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24
Q

outline male inequality’s within the workplace

A

GLASS CELLAR (Pharral)
men dominate the most dangerous jobs

CRISIS IN MASCULINITY (MAC AN GHAIL)

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25
outline male inequality within health
SUICIDE RATES GLASS CELLAR (Pharral)
26
outline male inequality's within family life
INTIMATE FATHERS AND HOUSEHUSBANDS (Dermott and Ghushuny)
27
outline male inequality's within education
STATUS FRUSTATION (Cohen) LABBELING ( Keddie) ANTI-SCHOOL SUBCULTURES (Willis)
28
outline male inequality's within crime
CHIVALRY THESIS (Pollack) females are treated more leniently, as the formal justice system is paternal.
29
outline the functionalist viewpoint on social class equaliitys.
Socially class inequality are good, as people can view what may happen if they do not work hard.
30
outline the new right view onto social class inequality
believe it is good for society, as individuals make their own social class and work for what they get
31
outline the marxist view onto social class
marxists see social class inequality's as negative as they are due to the conflict between the working class and bourgiourse.
32
outline the weberianist viewpoint on social class
a conflict theory, which sees three dimensions within social class inequality, party, class and status.
33
outline the feminist view on social class inequality
sees them as negative to society, women suffer greatly as society is patriarchal
34
outline the postmodern viewpoint on social class inequality
social inequalities no longer exist, as individuals have greater choice now.
35
Outline the main functionalist concepts regarding social class
MERITOCRACY (Parsons) your effort concludes your outcome VALUE CONSENSUS AND ROLE ALLOCATION (Parsons) stratification is beneficial for society as it allows individuals to fall into roles which suit they abilities, some people hold more skills so therefore should be rewarded more. FUNCTIONAL UNIQUENESS AND DEGREE DEPENDENCE (Davis and Moore) depending on how unique your job is the more you should be rewarded.
36
outline the new right concepts regarding social class
UNDERCLASS AND DEPENDENCY CULURE, CYCLE OF DEP (Murray) benifits have caused a dependency culture, whereby people can be paid not to work, this has lead to the development of the underclass, allowing anti social behaviour
37
outline the main marxist concepts regarding social class
social, cultural and economic capital (Bourdieu) those in a high social social class all share the same amount of skills, qualifications and therefore are superior to the working class Infrastructure vs surplus value (Marx) Society is structured to benefit capitalism. the upper classes own production and hire the woking class so they can produce as much surplus value as possible
38
outline the weberism concepts regarding social class
DUAL LABOUR MARKET THEORY (Barron and Norris) upper class dominate the primary sector PARTY (Weber) the group off individuals who are in the upper class whom have the influence to change decisions
39
outline the feminist concepts regarding social class
GLASS, CONCRETE AND SILVER CEILING (Abbott, Davidson and Sontag) glass, all women concrete ethnic women silver. elderly women RESERVE ARMY OF LABOUR (Benston) women more likely to take leave, as they may have children so only hired when society needs them.
40
outline the postmodernist concepts regarding social class inequality.
CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION (Skeggs) people now buy in order to hide their social class.
41
explain the family- theoretical reasons for social class inequality.
immediate vs deferred gratification (Sugarman) 3 in 10 children are living in poverty 44% of lone parent families live in poverty
42
explain the employment- theoretical reasons for social class inequality
MERITOCRACY (Parsons) Minimum wage Class ceiling and old boys network (Greening and Friedman)
43
explain EDUCATION - theoretical reasons for social class inequality
LABELLING AND SETTING (Keddie) ANTI SCHOOL SUBCULTURES AND STATUS FRUSTRATION (Willis)
44
explain CRIME - theoretical reasons for social class inequality
LAW MAKING (BOX)
45
explain MEDIA - theoretical reasons for social class inequality
CONSUMER CULTURE (Skeggs)
46
explain what absolute poverty is
having lack of basics needed to survive.
47
outline what relative poverty is
lack of income required to maintain average standard of living
48
what are the causes of poverty
low income increasing house costs poor family relationships addiction criminality
49
outline the functional viewpoint on ethnic equality
they are positive for society, as they cause people to abide by societal rules
50
outline the new right viewpoint on ethnic inequality
good for society, cause for the individual to take responsibility
51
outline the marxist viewpoint on ethnic inequality
negative for society the bourgeoise prefer conflict between ethnic groups, as they are easier to control.
52
outline the weberist viewpoint on ethnic inequality
power is in the hands of the majority ethnic group, making it difficult for mintority ethnic groups
53
outline the feminist viewpoint on ethnic inequality
ethnic women face larger levels of inequlaitys than white women this benefits society and the bourgeoise
54
outline the interactionalist viewpoint on ethic inequality
ethnic inequality has occurred due to an individuals perception of negative labels portrayed by the media.
55
outline the subcultural view on ethnic inequality
occurs when individuals are blocked from achieving norms and values promoted by society
56
Identify the key concepts FUNCTIONALISTS use to evidence ethnic inequality
MERITOCRACY (Parsons) HOST IMMIGRATION MODEL (Patterson) the arrival of immigrants lead to a clash of norms and values, resulting in the hosting country becoming resentful of the new people. therefore, the immigrants accommodate, assimilate and intigrate the new values
57
Identify the key concepts NEW RIGHT use to evidence ethnic inequality
BLACK UNDERCLASS AND ABSENT FATHERS (Sewell) CULTURAL COMFORT ZONES (Sewell)
58
Identify the key concepts MARXIST use to evidence ethnic inequality
RESERVE ARMY OF LABOURERS (Castles and Kosaks) STRIKE BREAKERS (Cox)
59
Identify the key concepts WEBERIANISM use to evidence ethnic inequality
STATUS AND PARTY (Weber) white people have higher status and power than black people. DUAL LABOUR MARKET THEORY (Barron and Norris)
60
Identify the key concepts FEMINIST use to evidence ethnic inequality
CONCRETE CEILING (Davidson) SEXUAL REPRESENTATIONS (Collins) black women are overly sexualised in the media
61
Identify the key concepts INTERACTIONISM use to evidence ethnic inequality
LABELLING DRIVING WHILST BLACK (Townsley and Marshall)
62
Identify the key concepts SUBCULTURAL use to evidence ethnic inequality
PARDOX OF INCLUSION (Nightingale) IMMOBILISED AT THE BOTTOM OF THE ECONOMIC LADDER (Pitts)
63
explain youth inequality - family
DEPENDECY CULTURE (Murray) TOXIC CHILDHOOD (Palmer) HOME HABITAT (Cunningam) DIGITAL BABYSITTER (Postman)
64
explain youth inequality- work
RESERVE ARMY OF LABOUR (PHILLIPSON) MERITOCRACY (Parsons)
65
explain youth inequality- media
SLIMBLONDENESS AND THE MALE GAZE (Mcrobbie and Mulvey) METROSEXUAL (Rutherford) males now want to be muscular etc and be oozed at by women
66
explain youth inequality- Crime
STATUS FRUSTRATION (Willis) SUBTERRANEAN VALUES (Matza)
67
outline elderly inequality- work
DISENGAGEMENT THEORY (Henry and Cummings) sees retirement as positive, as it allows the movement of job roles RESERVE ARMY OF LABOUR (Phillipson) DUAL LABOUR MAKRET THEORY (Barron and Norris)
68
outline elderly inequality- Family and health
TIME POVERTY- (Chant) INFANTILISED (hockey and James) patronised and seen as senile when in institutional care due to their age
69
outline elderly inequality- MEDIA
SILVER CEILING (Sontag) COSMETISISATION (Sontag) SILVER SURFERS (Berry)

sociology (6 decks)

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