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my a-level classes year 12 > social influence > Flashcards

social influence Flashcards

1
Q

what is obedience

A

someone responds to a direct order given by a percieved authority figure

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2
Q

what is conformity

A

the social norms of the majoirty influence the person is surrounded with.

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3
Q

what is compliance

A

going along with others in public.
not agree with them in private.

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4
Q

what is internalisation

A

behaviours/beliefs are accpeted by someone and becomes their own.

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5
Q

what is identification

A

someone changes their own behaviour to fit in the group

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6
Q

what is normative social influence (NSI)

A

conform for a desire to be liked

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7
Q

what is informative social influence (ISI)

A

conforming to others for a desire to be right

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8
Q

how many participants were in Asch’s study?

A

123 american male undergraduates

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9
Q

how many trials were critical? (Asch)

A

12 out of 18

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10
Q

how many participants conformed once (Asch)

A

75%

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11
Q

how many participants never conformed (Asch)

A

25%

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12
Q

how many times did participants give incorrect answers (Asch)

A

36.8%

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13
Q

how did group size affect conformity in Asch’s study

A

conformity decreased

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14
Q

Level of conformity when there was 2 other confederates going along (Asch)

A

13%

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15
Q

conformity when there was 3 or 4 participants (Asch)

A

32%

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16
Q

how did unanimity affect conformity in Asch’s study

A

fell to 36.8%

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17
Q

how did answering in private affect conformity in Asch’s study

A

conformity decreased

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18
Q

why was there low validity in Asch’s study

A

limited sample, findings cant be generalised.

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19
Q

how can the country it was studied affect the findings (Asch)

A

cant be generalised- different social norms across countries

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20
Q

aim of Asch’s study

A

to establish the extent that the group pressure can influnce an individual to conform using an unambigious task.

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21
Q

what procedure did Asch use

A

had to state which line was the same length as the original.

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22
Q

what was the aim of zimbardo’s study

A

how readily people would conform to social roles in a stimulated prison-life

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23
Q

what did zimabardo find from his study

A

-guards took any opportunity to punish the prisoners
-prisoners were rebelling

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24
Q

why did the experiment had to be called off early

A

guards were s threat to all prisoners psychological and physical health

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25
Q

what did zimbardo conclude from his experiment

A

everyone conformed to their roles

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26
Q

what is a strength of zimbardos experiment

A

control over variables and increased internal validity

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27
Q

what was the weaknesses of zimbardo’s study

A

-lack of realism
-role of dispositional influences
-unethical

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28
Q

what is the aim of milgram’s study

A

whether people will obey a perceived authority figure even when required to injure another person.

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29
Q

what was milgrams procedure in his experiment

A

telling participants to be the teacher and shock the confederate when they got an answer wrong, while a perceived authority figure was in the room.

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30
Q

what did milgram find from his study

A

65% of participants gave a lethal shock of 450 volts and all participants went to 300v

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31
Q

what did milgram conclude from his experiment

A

crimes against humanity may arise from situational factors rather than dispositional factors. not evil people commit evil crimes.

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32
Q

what is the weaknesses of milgrams study

A

-unethical
-low internal validity

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33
Q

what are the variations of milgrams study

A

-increased proximity
-decreseaed proximity
-location
-uniform
-teacher shocked

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34
Q

research support for milgrams uniform variation

A

Hickman 1974, people were twice as likely to help a guard rather than a normal individual

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35
Q

what is the strengths of bickmans study

A

high ecological validity

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36
Q

what are the limitations of bickmans study

A

-decieved participants
-oppotunity sample used
-no informed consent

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37
Q

research support for milgrams study in a real life situation

A

hoftling 1966, found that majority of nurses complied to the ‘doctors’ orders.

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38
Q

strengths of holftlings study

A

-cross-culture variations
-control of variables
-‘obedience alibi’

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39
Q

weaknesses of hoftlings study

A

-lack of internal validity

40
Q

what is the autonomous state

A

people are in control and take responsibility of their actions

41
Q

what is the agentic state

A

the believe they are under the control of others who are responsible for their actions.

42
Q

what is the agentic shift

A

someone moves from the autonomous state to the agentic.

43
Q

what are binding factors

A

aspects of a situation that allows the person to ignore damaging effects of their behaviour.

44
Q

what are buffers

A

blur the reasonable and unreasonable request by others.

45
Q

evaluation of agentic and autonomous state

A

-research support (blass and Schmitt)
-limited explanation
-zimbardos study
-real life application (my lai massacre)

46
Q

what are situational factors

A

behaviour depending on someones situation and circumstances

47
Q

what are dispositional factors

A

behaviour depending on characteristics and personality

48
Q

Adorno’s aim of his experiment

A

investigate the obedience personality

49
Q

what was Adornos procedure

A

used a questionnaire (f-scale) to see If people had a deep-seated personality.

50
Q

what is the authoritarian personality (Adorno)

A

a personality where they were more likely to obey to authority figures

51
Q

what did Adorno claim caused the authoritarian personality

A

-childhood
-abuse
-impossible high standards
-punishment
-type of parenting
-parents view and teachings

52
Q

what did Adorno say was the characteristics of the authotarian personality

A

-black and white views
-close-minded
-sterotypical
-project feelings of weakness onto others
-hostile

53
Q

what are the effects to having an authotarian personality according to Adorno

A

-feeling no remorse
-strong beliefs
-troublesome
- more likely to obey.

54
Q

strengths of Adornos authotarian personality

A

-research support (elms and milgram)

55
Q

weaknesses of Adornos authotarian personality

A

-policitcal bias
-limited explanation
-correlation not causation
-methodological problems

56
Q

what are the strengths of milgrams study

A

-external validity
-research support
-supporting replication (French reality tv)

57
Q

what is the research support for Asch

A

Allen and Levine 1971
social pressure makes people conform

58
Q

what did gammon et al 1982 find in his study

A

participants were more likely to not obey if one person disobeyed which led to greater resistance.

59
Q

what is a high locus of control (LOC)

A

don’t rely on others opinions
more achievement orientated
resist coercion

60
Q

what is high external LOC

A

rely on others opinions
less achievement orientated
less able to resist coercion

61
Q

what is a LOC

A

senses we have about who directs events in our lives.

62
Q

what is the supporting research for LOC

A

holland 1967- replication of milgrams study

63
Q

how many internals LOC shocked pts in Hollands study

A

37%

64
Q

how many external LOC shocked pts in Hollands study

A

23%

65
Q

what is the contradictory support for LOC

A

twenge 2004, did a meta-analysis

66
Q

what did twinge conclude from his experiment

A

people are more resistant to obedience but have adapted a external LOC

67
Q

what is the aim of moscovici’s study

A

could a consistent minority group influence a majority group in a colour perception test.

68
Q

what was mosovici’s procedure

A

there was two conditions
-consistant: called slide green on all slides
-inconsitstant: 24 green, blue 12
measured the groups

69
Q

how many participants In the consistent condition call the slides green in moscovici’s study

A

8.4%

70
Q

how many participants in the consistent condition call the slide green once in moscovici’s study

A

32%

71
Q

how many participants in the inconsistent condition called the slides green

A

1.3%

72
Q

what did moscovici conclude from his experiment

A

minority groups must be consistent to influence majority groups, and inconsistent groups lack real influence.

73
Q

what is a weakness of moscovici’s study

A

-lacks external validity
-gynocentric (sample of only females)
-unethical
-ethonocentric (sample of one ethnicity/culture)
-artificial setting

74
Q

what is synchronic consistency

A

a group saying all the same thing

75
Q

what is diachronic synchrony

A

a group saying the same thing for some of the time

76
Q

what is the augmentation principle

A

if there are risks involved in putting forward a point then the minority group will be taken more seriously

77
Q

why does a minority group need to be committed according to moscovici

A

shows certainty, confiedence, courage in the face of the majority group

78
Q

why must a minority group be flexible according to mosscovici

A

must be willing to negotiate and will be seen as ‘dogmatic’ if not. minority view will be more accepted

79
Q

research support for consistency in a minority influence

A

wood et al1994
consistent minorities were most influential and a major factor in minority influence

80
Q

research support for deeper processing in minority influence

A

Martin et al 2008
pts were willing to change opinions if they listened to a majority group that minority.

81
Q

what is the first step for social change through minority influence

A

drawing attention to the issue

82
Q

what is the second step of social change through minority influence

A

consistency

83
Q

what is the third step of social change though minority influence

A

deeper processing

84
Q

what is the fourth step of social change through minority influence

A

augmentation principle

85
Q

what is the fifith step of social change through minority influence

A

snowball effect

86
Q

what is the final step of social change through minority influence

A

social crytomnesia

87
Q

what is a negative of the steps of social change through minoirty influence

A

only indirectly effective

88
Q

what is the positives of the steps of social change through minority influence

A

real life examples

89
Q

what did conformity levels change to in milgrams decreased proximity variation (experimenter left)

A

30%

90
Q

what did conformity levels change to in milgrams increased proximity in milgrams variation (teacher forced shock)

A

20.5%

91
Q

what did conformity levels change to in milgrams proximity variation (same room)

A

40%

92
Q

what did conformity levels change to in milgrams location variation

A

47.5%

93
Q

what did conformity levels change to in milgrams uniform variation

A

20%

94
Q

what did conformity levels change to in milgrams assistant variation (assistant gave shock)

A

92.5%

95
Q

what was the proceedure of Jenness study 1932

A

used an ambgious istuation and got participants to guess the amont of beans individually and in a group

96
Q

on average how much did male pts changed their answers by in jenness study 1932

A

256 beans

97
Q

on average how much did female pts change their answer by in jenness study 1932

A

382 beans

my a-level classes year 12 (17 decks)

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