Social Processes, Attitudes and Behaviors Flashcards
(57 cards)
Michelangelo Phenomena
Concept that the self is made up of both the ideas an individual has regarding their own abilities / traits / beliefs and the intrapersonal self (the manner in which others influence the creation of the ideal self)
Social Action
Actions and Behaviors we are conscious of performing because others are around
Social Facilitation
People naturally exhibit a performance response when they know they are being watched
Yerkes Dodson Law of Social Facilitation
Being in the presence of others will raise arousal which enhances the ability to perform simple tasks (something one is already good at) and hinders the ability of complex, unfamiliar tasks
Deindividuation
People lose a sense of self awareness and can act dramatically different based on the influence of the group
Bystander Effect
Individual do no intervene to help victims when others are present
Social Loafing
Tendency of individuals to put in less effort when working a group setting
Identity Shift Effect
When an individuals state of harmony is disrupted by threat of social rejection
Cognitive Dissonance
Simultaneous presence of two opposing thoughts / opinions that creates an internal conflict
Identity Shift
Individual adopting the standards of the group as their own
Social Interaction
Explore the way 2+ individuals shape each others behaviors
Choice Shift
Tendency of groups to make decisions that are more extreme (riskier or cautious) than the individual ideas and inclinations of the members of the group
**Group Level
Group Polarization
Tendency of groups to make decisions that are more extreme (riskier or cautious) than the individual ideas and inclinations of the members of the group
**Individual Level
Group Think
Desire for harmony / conformity results in a group of people coming to an incorrect or poor decision
8 Factors of Group Think
- (Irving Janis)
- Illusion of invulnerability - creation of optimism and encouragement of risk taking
- Collective rationalization - ignoring warnings against the group
3 Illusion of Morality - group decision are morally correct - Excessive Stereotyping - against outside opinions
- Pressure of Conformity - anyone who opposes opinions of the group is disloyal
- Self-Censorship - withholding opposing view
- Illusion of unanimity - False sense of agreement
- Mind Guards - appointment of members to the role of protecting against opposing views
Culture
Beliefs, behaviors, actions and characteristics of a group or society of people learned by living within the society and observing it
Assimilation
Individual or group behavior / culture begin to resemble that of another group
Can also mean merging of groups (although one tends to predominate over the other)
Ethnic Enclaves
Locations (neighborhoods) with a high concentration of one specific ethnicity
Multiculturalism
Communities / societies containing multiple cultures ; coexisting
Subcultures
Groups of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from primary culture
Immigrant Assimilation
Considered complete based on the following:
- Geographic Distribution
- Language Attainment
- Socioeconomic Status
- Intermarriage
Socialization
Process of developing, inheriting, and spreading norms, cultures and beliefs
Primary Socialization
Childhood
- Learning acceptable actions and attitudes in society (generally by observing parents and adults)
- Sets the stage for future socialization
- Foundation for creating personal opinions
Secondary Socialization
- Appropriate behavior in smaller sections of the larger society (occurs outside the home)
- Learning rules of social environments
- Includes changes and refinements to behavior
