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Sociology for the MCAT :) > Social Thinking > Flashcards

Social Thinking Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Attraction

A

Individuals both liking each other based on similarity, outward appearance & proximity

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2
Q

Self-Disclosure

A

Sharing ones thoughts, fears and goals

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3
Q

Reciprocal Liking

A

People like others better when they believe they are liked

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4
Q

Mere Exposure Effect

A

People prefer stimuli that they have been exposed to more frequently

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5
Q

Aggression

A

Behavior that intends to cause harm or increase social dominance

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6
Q

Amygdala

A

Responsible for associating stimuli with corresponding reward / punishment

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7
Q

Cognitive Neo-Association Model

A

More likely to respond to others aggressively when we are feeling neg. emotions

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8
Q

Attachment

A

Emotional bond between caregiver and a child

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9
Q

Secure Attachment

A

Consistent caregiver (trust) with secure base / home to return to

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10
Q

Avoidant Attachment

A

Caregiver provides little to no response to the distressed child
- Child does not prefer the caregiver

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11
Q

Ambivalent Attachment

A

Caregiver has an inconsistent response to the child

- Child has mixed feelings

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12
Q

Disorganized Attachment

A

There is no clear patter / behavior in response to caregiver

- Child has erratic behavior; social withdrawal

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13
Q

Social Support

A

Perception / Reality that one is care for by a social network

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14
Q

Emotional Support

A

Listening, affirming and empathizing with someones feelings

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15
Q

Esteem Support

A

Affirming qualities and skills of a person

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16
Q

Material (Tangible) Support

A

Money or material contribution to a person

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17
Q

Informational Support

A

Providing info to help someone

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18
Q

Network (Social) Support

A

To give someone a sense of belonging

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19
Q

Mating System

A

Organization of a groups sexual behavior

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20
Q

Monogamy

A

Exclusive mating relationship

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21
Q

Polygyny

A

Male exclusive with multiple females

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22
Q

Polyandry

A

Female exclusive with multiple males

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23
Q

Promiscuity

A

No exclusivity when mating

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24
Q

Direct Benefit

A

Material advantage, protection or emotional support

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25
Indirect Benefit
Promote survival in offspring - Phenotypic - Sensory - Fisherian - Indicator - Genetic
26
Phenotypic Benefit
Observable traits; attractive
27
Sensory Benefit
Trait to match pre-existing preference in population
28
Fisherian Benefit
Positive feedback - a trait with no effect on survival becomes more exaggerated over time
29
Indicator Benefit
Trait signifies good health and well being
30
Genetic Benefit
Mate pairs with complementary genetics to reduce recessive genetic disorders
31
Altruism
Helping with the intent to benefit someone else at a cost to himself
32
Empathy
Vicariously experiencing the emotions of another
33
Empathy-Altruism Theory
Individuals help another person when they feel empathy for them regardless of the cost
34
Game Theory
Explains decision making behavior Game - defined by the player, the information and the actions available to each player. Decisions are made according to the payoffs (fitness) associated with the outcomes
35
Evolutionary Stable Strategy (ESS)
Population in an environment that has natural selection is at equilibrium and no alternate strategies can invade the population to pass on traits
36
Inclusive Fitness
Measure of organisms success in a population (# of offspring and their survival)
37
Social Perception
Provides the tools to make judgments / impressions regarding people
38
Impression Bias
Selection of cues to form interpretation of others that are consistent over time
39
Primacy Effect
First impressions are more important than subsequent ones
40
Recency Effect
Most recent information is more important when forming impressions
41
Reliance on Central Traits
Organize perception f others based on traits / personal characteristics of the target; subject to beliefs, opinion, ideas and actions of others
42
Implicit Personality Theory
Assumptions about how types of people, traits and behaviors are related
43
Halo Effect
Overall impression of an individual effect judgements about their specific aspects
44
Just World Hypothesis
"Karma" | Good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people
45
Self Serving Bias
Individuals view success based on internal factors and failures based on external factors to protect their self esteem
46
Self Enhancement
Maintain self worth through the use of the self serving bias
47
Attribution Theory
Individuals tendency to infer the causes of others behavior - Dispositional (internal) - Situational (external)
48
Dispositional
Internal - attributions related to the person being considered including their beliefs, attitudes and personal characteristics
49
Situational
External - attributions related to features of the surroundings such as threats, $, social norms and peer pressure
50
Consistency Cues
Consistent behavior over time (associated with motives)
51
Consensus Cues
Extent to which a persons behavior differs from others
52
Distinctiveness Cues
Uses similar behavior in similar situations
53
Correspondent Inference Theory
Focus on the intent behind peoples behaviors
54
Fundamental Error Attribution Theory
Biased toward dispositional (internal) attributions in negative contexts
55
Attribute Substitution
Make complex judgments but substitute a simpler solution
56
Prejudice
*Attitude / Emotional Response Irrational + or - attitude toward a person, group or think prior to an actual experience with them
57
Propaganda
Large organizations / political groups attempt to create prejudice in others
58
Ethnocentrism
Judgements about other cultures based on the values and beliefs in ones own culture
59
Cultural Relativism
- Perception of another culture as different from ones own | - Recognition that values, mores, rules, etc... of a culture fit into that culture itself
60
Power
Ability of people to achieve goals (despite obstacles) and control resources *Social factor that affects prejudice
61
Prestige
Level of respect shown to a person by others *Social factor that affects prejudice
62
Class
Socioeconomic status resulting in the "haves" and the "have nots" *Social factor that affects prejudice
63
Stereotype
*Cognitive Attitude and impressions about a person or group are based on limited and superficial info
64
Stereotype Content Model
Classify stereotypes with respect to a hypothetical "in group" using warmth and competence
65
Self- Fulfilling Prophecy
Stereotypes that lead to expectations of certain groups / individual which create conditions that lead to the confirmation of those expectations
66
Stereotype Threat
People being concerned or anxious about confirming a negative stereotype about ones social group; causing reduced performance, self-handicapping and lowers ones personal investment in the activity
67
Paternalistic
*Low competency; High warmth" - Low status, not competitive - Looked own on as inferior, dismissed or ignored
68
Admiration
*High competency, High warmth* - High status; not competitive - Viewed with pride and + feelings
69
Contemptuous
*Low competency, Low warmth - Low status; not competitive - Viewed with anger, resentment or annoyance
70
Envious
*High competency; Low warmth - High status; competitive - Viewed with jealousy, distrust and bitterness
71
Discrimination
* Behavior | - Prejudicial attitudes cause individuals of a particular group to be treated differently from others
72
Individual Discrimination
One person discriminating against a particular group or person
73
Institutional Discrimination
Entire institution discriminates against a particular person or group

Sociology for the MCAT :) (5 decks)

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