social psychology Flashcards

Question

What does cultural comparative approach test?

Answer 1

If Western personality theories apply to other cultures.

Answer 2

Power, dignity, and respect; people are experts in their own lives.

Answer 3

Being cautious and politically savvy in research contexts.

Answer 4

Ego, Super Ego, ID

Answer 5

(bottom - unconscious) unconscious urges that are inaccessible to us but drive much of our behavior

Answer 6

(top - conscious) the part of our conscious that mediates the relationship between the super ego that suppresses an the unconscious urges the ID pushes us towards

Answer 7

(concious) the moralizing part of our personality that comes from an internalization of what we think society sees as important

Answer 8

- Heterogeneity - doesn't capture the dimensionality of each diagnosis - diagnosis doesn't = cause

Answer 9

- reduced unambiguity - social influence - audience inhibition (the presence of others affecting an individuals behavior)

Answer 10

This is a tendency to overemphasize personality traits (dispositions) and underestimate situational factors when explaining other people's behavior. For example, if someone cuts you off in traffic, you might think, “They’re such a jerk!” (dispositional) instead of “Maybe they’re rushing to an emergency” (situational).

Answer 11

When we (the actor) explain our own behavior, we tend to attribute it to situational factors (e.g., “I was late because the bus was delayed”). But when we explain others' behavior, we attribute it more to dispositional factors (e.g., “They’re late because they’re irresponsible”). ## Footnote You blame your own actions on the situation but blame others on personality.

Answer 12

the belief that people get the outcomes they deserve

Answer 13

cultural differences gender differences person differences psychological reactance

Answer 14

* Although some person variables (e.g. characteristics and traits) predict conformity, overall situational variables (eg. Number and unanaminity of the majority) are more important. however, When people are made to feel too similar to others, they tend to express their individuality, but when they are made to feel too different from others, they attempt to increase their acceptance by others.

Answer 15

There are some small gender differences in conformity. In public situations, men are somewhat more likely to hold their ground, act independently, and refuse to conform, whereas women are more likely to conform to the opinions of others in order to prevent social disagreement.

Answer 16

* Psychological reactance occurs when people feel that their ability to choose which behaviors to engage in is eliminated or threatened with elimination. The outcome of the experience of reactance is that people may not conform or obey at all and may even move their opinions or behaviors away from the desires of the influencer.

Answer 17

Conformity to social norms is more likely in Eastern, collectivistic cultures than in Western, independent cultures.

Answer 18

Purpose: To investigate conformity—whether people would conform to group pressure even when the correct answer was obvious. Procedure: Participants were shown a standard line and asked to match it to one of three comparison lines. Each participant was in a group with confederates (actors) who gave clearly incorrect answers on certain trials. The real participant always answered after hearing others go first. Findings: About 75% of participants conformed at least once. Overall, participants conformed on about 1/3 of the trials. Participants later said they conformed to avoid standing out or being judged (normative social influence).

Answer 19

Purpose: To test obedience to authority, even when it involves harming others. Procedure: - Participants acted as “teachers,” instructed to give electric shocks to a “learner” (an actor) for wrong answers. - The learner wasn’t actually shocked but acted in pain. - Authority figure urged participants to continue. Key Findings: 65% gave the full shock. Many were stressed but still obeyed.

Answer 20

focusing on the contents of the mental process rather than their function using introspection( examining own conscious experience objectively )

Answer 21

Explores how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment and function in daily life.

Answer 22

Obedient to authority figures Conformist—strongly follows rules and social norms Intolerant of others seen as lower status or "outsiders" Often prejudiced and hostile toward minority groups

Answer 23

Purpose: To study how people conform to social roles of authority and obedience. procedure: Planned for 2 weeks, stopped after 6 days due to extreme behavior. participants were assigned as guards or prisoners findings: Guards quickly became abusive, using power harshly. People conformed to roles even when it caused harm.

Answer 24

western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic nations

Answer 25

Understanding culture from the insider’s perspective, focusing on how people within the culture interpret their own behavior and beliefs.

Answer 26

Studying culture from an outsider’s perspective, using objective categories to compare and analyze across cultures

Answer 27

- Individualist vs collectivist - Masculinity vs. Femininity - Uncertainty Avoidance - Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation - Indulgence vs. Restraint

Answer 28

psychological research and explanation

Answer 29

framework developed by Geert Hofstede to understand how cultural values influence behavior in the workplace and society

social psychology Flashcards

(54 cards)