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Famous Things in Psychology > Social psychology things > Flashcards

Social psychology things Flashcards

1
Q

Role theory

A

is the perpective that people are aware of the social roles they are expected to fill, much of their observable behavior can be attributed to adopting those roles

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2
Q

Cognitive theory

A

perception, judgment, memories and decision making all effect our understanding of social behavior

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3
Q

Consistency Theories

A

Hold that people are consistent and will change or resist changing attitudes based on prefrence

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4
Q

Fritz Heider’s Balance Theory

A

People attempt to maintain balance between them and other objects, ideas and people and will seek to minimize states that are out of balance. Hence motivate behavior.

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5
Q

Leon Festinger’s Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A

The conflict you feel when you attitudes are not in sync with your behaviors. You will falsely attribute different moods post hoc to justify behaviors that are less desirable.

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6
Q

Free choice dissonance, post-decisional dissonance, forced-compliance dissonance

A

Where you make a choice between desirable alternatives, down play one in favor of the other (the one you chose).

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7
Q

Spreading of alternatives

A

Taking similar things, because you have to make a decision and spreading them apart

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8
Q

Daryl Bem’s Self Perception Theory

A

When your attitudes are weak or ambiuougs you observe your own behavior and attribute an attitude to yourself

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9
Q

Carl Hovland’s Model

A

Deals with attitude change as a process of communicating a meaning with intent to persuade them. Communicator, communication, and the situation. Credibility matters of source.

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10
Q

Sleeper effect (Carl Hovland’s Model)

A

Decreased effect of high credibility source in favor of the low credibility source

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11
Q

Two sided mesages

A

Putative “balanced” arguments are used for persuasion

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12
Q

Petty and Cacioppo’s Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion

A

Two routes, central and peripheral: central is logical, follow arguments etc. peripheral is emotive and context oriented

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13
Q

Resistance to Persuasion

A

How people resist persuasion, analogy of inoculation.

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14
Q

Vulnrability of cultural truisms

A

Things that are seldom attacked are more vulnerable i.e. brushing your teeth

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15
Q

Refuted counter argumetns

A

Presenting refuted counter arguments (weakend attacks ahead of time) lessens the effect of truisims being attacked so easily

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16
Q

Try to hard to persuade someone and they choose the oppositte view

A

This is called reactance

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17
Q

Leion Festinger’s Social Comparison theory

A

we are drawn to affiliate because of the tendency to evaluate ourselves in relationship to other people. People change positions to line up with the group. People compare themselves to other people.

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18
Q

Reciprocity hypothesis

A

We tend to like people who indicate that they like us.

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19
Q

Gain-Loss Principle

A

We will like someone more if their liking for us has increased than someone whom has consistently liked us

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20
Q

Social Exchange/Equity Theory

A

The person weighs the costs and benefits of interacting with another. Equity theory posits we also weigh the cost and benefits of the other person and not just ourselves.

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21
Q

Individual Characteristics

A

We ted to affiliate with people whom are similar all aspects. Sometimes similarity dominates and sometimes complementarity dominates

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22
Q

Need complementarity

A

We choose relationships that mutually satisfy each others needs

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23
Q

Factors that effect selection

A

physical attractivness,

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24
Q

Attractivness sterotype

A

tendency to believe that physically attractive people have better characteristics

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25
Q

Mere exposure hypothesis

A

based on familiarity, the more repeated exposure to a stimulus leads to an enhanced liking of it.

26
Q

Prosocial behavior

A

altruism and helping behaviors

27
Q

Alturism

A

help comes at a cost to the helper

28
Q

Helping behaviors

A

Have a selfish gain for the helper

29
Q

Bystander Intervention

A

People don’t always help a person in need for two major reasons

30
Q

diffusion of responsibility

A

People think someone else is either taking care of it, or someone has more knowledge than they do and has decided not to so the matter is not important

31
Q

Social influence

A

the effect others have on making decisions regarding themself and helping other people, i.e. power positions, how well they know the other person etc.

32
Q

Pluralistic ignorance

A

People believe it is not an emergency because no one else is responding but everyone is thinking the same thing.

33
Q

Empathy

A

the ability to vicariously experience the emotions of another–thought to have a strong influence on behavior

34
Q

Batson’s empathy-altruism model

A

When people see others in distress, they too feel that distress and thus are inclined to help them. People more likely to feel vicarious empathy for distress are more likely to help others

35
Q

Frustration-Agression hypothesis

A

people whom are frustrated tend to act aggressively

36
Q

Bandura’s social learning theory

A

Agression is learned through modeling or through reinforcement. Bobo doll experiment

37
Q

Conformity

A

People yield to group pressure without direction when giving responses in front of a group.

38
Q

Obediance

A

People follow authority, to the point of willfully hurting other people. S. Milgram experiments with electro-shock

39
Q

Compliance

A

When asked to do something will people agree

40
Q

Foot in the Door effect

A

Compliance increases when a smaller innocus proposal is presented before a more rigrorus one.

41
Q

Doll preference study

A

white and black children preferred white dolls and ascribed negative attributes to black ones.

42
Q

Primary and Recency effects in Social Perception

A

Ascribe first impressions=primary and recency is to ascribe effects to the last encounter

43
Q

Attribution theory

A

focuses on our tendency for individuals to infer the causes of other people’s behavior. Fritz Heider is one of the founders. Many different biases in the attribution process

44
Q

Fudnamental attribution error

A

general bias for mkaing dispositional attributions rather than situational ones.

45
Q

Halo effect

A

The tendency to allow general impression of a person to influence other more specific evaluations

46
Q

Belief in a just world

A

The belief that good things happen to good people, and bad things happen to bad people.

47
Q

Groups effect people’s beliefs

A

Newcomb study of women in liberal school versus conservative background. Tended to become more liberal, and stayed liberal as long as they did not marry a conservative man.

48
Q

Proxemics

A

Cultural norms govern how far away we stand from people when communicating with them

49
Q

Zajonic Theory

A

The presence of others increases arousal and thus enhances the emission of dominant responses

50
Q

Social Loafing

A

Tendency for people to put forth less effort in a group than when acting individually

51
Q

Anonymity

A

People tend to act more severe and mete out more punishment when their anonymity is preserved

52
Q

Deindividualization

A

The process that people loose their identity when they assume roles that give them anonymity and their are no social reprocussions.

53
Q

Groupthink

A

Refers to the tendency of decision mkaing groups to strive for consensus by not considering discordant information

54
Q

Risky shift

A

Group decisions can be often times more risky than the average of individual choices. This may be due to the value hypothesis

55
Q

Value hypothesis

A

Risky shift occurs in cultures where riskiness is valued.

56
Q

Group polarization

A

group discussion has a tendency to nehcnace the intial tendancies/bias and further make the group more risky or polarized when compared to other groups

57
Q

3 major types of leadership

A

autocratic, laissez-faire, democratic

58
Q

Cooperation

A

people behave for mutual benefit

59
Q

Competition

A

person acts for their own benefit

60
Q

Prisoners Dilmma

A

People in a situation where they must either choose to cooperate, coroborate their own testimony, betray the other to avoid maximum sentence

61
Q

Robber Cave expierment

A

Kids adjusted their behaviors, inter-group conflicts based on the culture shifting from that of competition between each other and cooperation group goals.

62
Q

Superordinate goals

A

Goals that guide inter-group cooperation.

Famous Things in Psychology (18 decks)

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