Social relationships and social determinants of health Flashcards
what are the 4 types of perceived support
(1) emotional
(2) instrumental / tangible (ex money)
(3) informational or appraisal
(4) belongingness
what is received support
actual observable actions performed by others
what is the buffering hypothesis
support may provide a buffer from the daily life stress that people experience, which in turn may protect them from illness
what is the direct effect hypothesis
social support benefits health regardless of the amount of stress individuals are experiencing
what is the matching hypothesis of social support
individuals benefit from the received type of social support that fits their particular problem. Stress from controllable events best counteracted with tangible support, uncontrollable events with emotional support
what is loneliness
subjective feeling of lack of companionship due to a mismatch between the quantity and quality of the social relationships we have vs want
what is the social stress prevention model
suggests social support may be helpful because it provides resources that help avoid or minimize exposure to stressful events in the first place
what is invisible support
support that is not objectively perceivable as support, but is provided by being aware of others needed, and doing small things without being asked (such as a light touch that is responsive to needs without making the person feel less competent)
what is positive social control
reminding, encouraging, persuading, modeling behavior
what is negative social control
nagging, pressuring, inducing guilt
what is autonomy support
environments that elicits, acknowledges and values autonomy, it is critical for establishing self-directed personally meaningful choices
what is Bronfenbrenner ecological system theory
The theory suggests we have 4 social systems. The microsystem (family, peers, school), the mesosystem (connections between the microsystems and exosystem), the exosystem (neighbors, mass media, local politics) and the macrosystem (attitudes and ideologies of the culture) each influencing those systems around each other.
what factors are used to measure socioeconomic status
education, income, and occupational prestige
what are potential mechanisms linking SES and health
accesses to health care, living condition (neighborhood, traffic, safety, nearby facilities), working condition (exposure to chemicals, risk of injury), health related behaviours
