Socialisation, Parents and media influence

Question 1

What is socialisation?

Answer 1

Socialisation: a process through which children are taught behaviours deemed appropriate in their community. Mainly happens in family environment

Question 2

What are some key attribute to the family dynamic system.

Answer 2

Members changing all the time within immediate family and society as a whole: more divorces, less likely to have children, more working mother, more children living below poverty line.

Question 3

What makes a good parent? Baumrind 1967.

Answer 3

4 dimension of parenting = warmth, expectation, consistency of rule and communication = 3 parenting styles : authoritarian, authoritative and permissive.

Question 4

Maccoby and Martins parenting styles

Answer 4

two major independent dimension:
Demandingness/ control : setting rules, providing correction for child (can be high or low)
Acceptance/ responsiveness : rewarding, how you are critical, how responsive to their behaviour (high or low).
4 resulting parenting styles : Authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, uninvolved.

Question 5

What is the developmental outcome of authoritative parenting.

Answer 5

childhood: high cognitive and social competencies
adulthood: high self-esteem, excellent social skills, high academic achievement.

Question 6

What is the developmental outcome of Authoritarian parenting.

Answer 6

childhood: average cognitive and social competencies.
Adulthood: average academic performance and social skills, more conforming than permissive.

Question 7

What is the developmental outcome of permissive parenting

Answer 7

Chidlhood: Low cognitive and social competencies
Adulthood: poor self control and academic performance, more drug use.

Question 8

Culture differences on parenting and academic performance.

Answer 8

Chinese parents have more authoritarian parenting and children score higher grades academically.

Question 9

What type of parenting is authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and uninvolved

Answer 9

Authoritative: warm, reprove, clear rules
authoritarian : strict, high expectations, unresponsive
permissive: warm, responsive, very few rules
Uninvolved: cold and unresponsive, no rule.

Question 10

What did barber et al (2006) suggest about types of discipline

Answer 10

Behavioural: firm discipline
psychological : withdrawal or induction.

Question 11

When is sibling rivalry most prominent in families

Answer 11

Start at the birth of a new baby. Less if parent continue to pay attention to the older child, and explain the changes to him o rher.

Question 12

What are the influence of siblings

Answer 12

Usually positive : Language development, ToM
better if parents monitor this and if parents’ relationship with each is close.

Question 13

How do parents treat siblings differently

Answer 13

First borns tend to have higher expectations and are punished more. Later born have more conflict management, freedom and more open to experience.

Question 14

What generally happens to children when there is conflict is family

Answer 14

Prolonged conflict = children exposed to stressful events over time = anxiety, higher aggression, depression, conduct disorders.
Can be poverty or lead up to a divorce.

Question 15

what factors of a child can divorce effect children differently

Answer 15

temperament, sex and gender

Question 16

How can stable remarriages effect children.

Answer 16

Blended families usually have a negative effect.
Girls seem to profit less from gaining step father than boys.
stepmothers (fewer cases) may be less well received than stepfathers.

Question 17

What does the AAP recommend about screen time

Answer 17

No screen time for under 18 months.
up to 5 years = limited to 1 hour of good quality programmes a day.

Question 18

When is the average age child begins to watch Tv and what the average children in the U.S spend watching.

Answer 18

5 moths and 3 hours a day. Watching increases until age 11 and then decreases.

Question 19

Tv and language development.

Answer 19

Schmidt et al (2009) - Tv for birth to 2 year olds has no association with language development.
Christakis et al (2004) : every hour in front of a screen at 8-16 month = learn 6/8 words fewer.

Question 20

What did Rice and Woodsmall (1988) find

Answer 20

Children from 3 years of age could learn new words from TV exposure

Question 21

What are some positive aspects of Tv

Answer 21

Social Viewing leads to shared experiences.
Increase in Pro- social behaviour.
Older children can learn a lot from educational programmes.
All about moderation!

Question 22

What are some negative aspects of TV.

Answer 22

When programmes are not an accurate reflection of the societies in which children live, television can create false stereotypes on gender roles, beauty and race.
Inactivity can lead to obesity
increase aggression from violence on TV

Question 23

What did Jack et al (2006) find about usage of internet

Answer 23

gave computer and internet to under performing 13-14 years olds from disadvantage homes and found academic improvement.