society 1886-1914

Question 1

when was the suffragist party first established?

Answer 1

1897

Question 2

who were the main leaders of the suffragist party?

Answer 2

Lydia Becker
Millicent Fawcet

Question 3

how many members were there in the suffragist party?

Answer 3

over 100,000

Question 4

how was the suffragist campaign structured?

Answer 4

members democratically elected president and leaders of committees

Question 5

what methods of campaigning did the suffragists use?

Answer 5

writing
lecturing
petitions
peaceful

Question 6

when was the suffragette party established?

Answer 6

1903

Question 7

who were the main leaders of the suffragette party?

Answer 7

Emmeline Pankhurst
Christabel Pankhurst
Sylvia Pankhurt

Question 8

how was the WSPU structured?

Answer 8

leaders were not chosen democratically. They were controlled by the Pankhursts

Question 9

what methods did the WSPU use in their campaign?

Answer 9

assault
hunger strikes
imprisonment
property damage
demonstrations and protests
“deeds not words”

Question 10

what were some arguments for the female vote of the time?

Answer 10

women could contribute more to society

illogical discrimination, female doctors couldn’t vote

women can pay taxes and rents but not vote

vote could improve womens pay

womens rights were on the increase, were allowed to go to university

Question 11

what were some arguments against the female vote of the time?

Answer 11

too emotional and irrational

goes against nature, women should reproduce and not be distracted, thought they would neglect children and home

women are ignorant

party-politics , women conservative by nature, Liberal government

too radical, ‘let the babies vote’

female part of society should not be corrupted by politics

Question 12

what was Womens Sunday?

Answer 12

in Hyde Park, women met and performed speeches about why women should have the vote and made it accessible to everyone

Question 13

how did the suffragettes spread their cause and make it accessible for everyone?

Answer 13

produced sashes available for middle class, and badges for working class

Question 14

what were some examples of the suffragettes being more militant?

Answer 14

women carried ‘toffee hammers’ and smashed windows of valuable homes and buildings, such as Lloyd Georges house

Emily Davidson created letterbox bombs

Question 15

what happened on November 18th 1910?

Answer 15

Black Friday
Massive protest in Parliament Square after Asquith refused to give 1910 conciliation bill necessary parliamentary time
over 100 arrests
Women were given the option to pay a fine or go to prison, they always chose to go to prison as they’d get more publicity

Question 16

what was the ‘Cat and Mouse Act’?

Answer 16

women who went on hunger strikes would be released from prison, given time to recover and then imprisoned again

Question 17

what the were Liberals responses to hunger strikes?

Answer 17

women force fed with tubes down their throat
cat and mouse act

Question 18

what were the consequences of Liberal responses?

Answer 18

police brutality causes an uprise in support for suffragetes
illiberal, but MPs were reluctant to give in to militancy

Question 19

what did the first conciliation bill propose?

Answer 19

proposed to give the vote to 1 million married women, if they met a property qualification

Question 20

what did the second conciliation bill propose?

Answer 20

was changed after securing a majority to a male suffrage bill, which women would later be added to.

Question 21

what was the suffragettes issue with the second conciliation bill?

Answer 21

outraged
bill needed to explicitly include women

Question 22

what happened to the third conciliation bill?

Answer 22

feb 1912
narrowly defeated by 14 votes

Question 23

in what ways did the suffragettes help the female vote?

Answer 23

many newspapers supported campaign
supported by more traditional suffragettes as they had accomplished more in months than they had in years
historians present suffragettes as heroes

Question 24

in what ways did the suffragettes hinder the female vote?

Answer 24

Lloyd George didn’t like the militance of them
Guardian newspaper stated that ‘the madness of the militants […] do their upmost to degrade and hinder it’
another newspaper though that women acting this way proves that they cannot be trusted with the vote
even the suffragettes lawyer had doubts and thought that the acts of violence were out of control

Question 25

in what ways were the liberals successful in dealing with the suffragettes?

Answer 25

by 1914, the liberals seemed to weathered the storm of the suffragettes The Pankhursts were so reviled before the war that they were forced to flee the country to Paris and conduct their campaign from there

Question 26

how successful were the liberals in dealing with the suffragettes? (overall judgment)

Answer 26

not very as they went against liberal ideology but they seemed strong by not giving in to suffragette militancy

Question 27

why were social reforms needed?

Answer 27

1891 census showed overcrowding (more than 2 people living in a room) at 11.2% slum dwellings in many towns and cities public health legislation excluded london poor working conditions - few safety precautions and no compensations for industrial accidents almost 50% of the labouring class lived below the survival pay rate.

Question 28

what was the housing of the working class 1890 policy?

Answer 28

gave local councils the opportunity to replace poor quality housing caused better health, wellbeing and prevented overcrowding they had access to an individual toilet and running water

Question 29

what was the public health act 1891?

Answer 29

allowed officials to remove any nuisances that were affecting public health for public health

Question 30

what was the factory and workshops act 1891?

Answer 30

stopped children under the age of 11 working and set a maximum of 12 hour days for women (poor working conditions continued)

Question 31

what was the allotment and smallholdings act 1887 and 1892?

Answer 31

attempt to set up agricultural labourers with their own plot of land so that they could make their own living

Question 32

what was the public libraries act 1892?

Answer 32

local bodies could set up public libraries so people had access to books, higher level of literacy

Question 33

what was the education act 1902?

Answer 33

done by balfour, but Robert Morant's idea (civil servant) abolished state responsibility for secondary education

Question 34

what was the local government act 1888?

Answer 34

old boards abolished and new county councils created london was treated as a separate county run by new organisations - London county council (LCC) elected by ratepayers- gave newly enfranchised voters given some power council could levy rates, maintain roads and brigdes

Question 35

what was the local government act 1894?

Answer 35

liberal reforms organised counties into smaller more maintainable units rural district councils and urban district councils small rural communities could set up parish councils under the umbrella of rural district councils women became eligible to vote for parish councils

Question 36

what was the main objective of liberal reforms in this period?

Answer 36

value of real wages not rising needed to alleviate some poverty

Question 37

summarise social change in this period

Answer 37

laissez faire dominant ideology governments didn't think that it was their duty to riase taxes to help the poor widening democracy in Britain althought the widening gap between middle classes and poverty was ignored early 20th century saw unprecedented levels of reform early 20th century - moved away from laissez faire and individualism

Question 38

how far did the Liberals create a welfare state after 1906? WAS IT UNIVERSAL?

Answer 38

no old age pensions act 1908 was denied to anyone that didn't have a birth certificate or didn't work to the best of their abilities . also no available to immigrants national insurance act p1 - no provision to workers family national insurance p2 - only covered certain trades - domestic servants included

Question 39

how far did the Liberals create a welfare state after 1906? WAS IT ADEQUATE?

Answer 39

yes old age pensions act - number of people claiming outdoor relief fell by 80,000 Labour exchanges 1909 - put 3000 people in jobs no old age pensions act - money was recieved was below the poverty line school clinics- no treatment provided free school meals - health deteriorated during holidays national insurance act - cover only provided for a limited of time

Question 40

how far did the Liberals create a welfare state after 1906? CENTRAL CONTROL

Answer 40

yes Old age pensions national insurance labour exchanges school medical inspections no free school meals

Question 41

how far did the Liberals create a welfare state after 1906? MODERN COMPARISONS

Answer 41

yes national insurance system remains similar some central direction no national insurance became for everyone after 1945 more universal - healthcare taxes

Question 42

how far did the Liberals create a welfare state after 1906? RESPONSIBILITY- shoudl Libs take credit?

Answer 42

yes new liberals lloyd george churchill asquith no pensions were chamberlains idea stole labour's ideas to keep them out of power

Question 43

free school meals 1906 successes

Answer 43

meant that children would be eating at least one good meal a day in 1914, 14 million meals served replaced charity involvement

Question 44

free school meals 1906 unsuccessful because

Answer 44

health would deteriorate during holidays costly for the government - only 1/2 of Britain's local authorities set up a meal service

Question 45

school medical inspections 1907 successes

Answer 45

every local authority had to set up a school medical service

Question 46

school medical inspection 1907 unsuccessful

Answer 46

only provided regular medical checks

Question 47

school clinics 1912 successes

Answer 47

treatment provided in school clinics as well

Question 48

school clinics 1912 unsuccessful

Answer 48

treatment was broad and ineffective eg go outside left to local authorities to make measures work- cared more about money than children varied throughout country

Question 49

children and young persons act 1908 successes

Answer 49

gave children special status as protected persons and the parents could be prosecuted for neglect stopped parents murdering their children to claim insurance set up special courts to deal with child crime and special homes to house young offenders

Question 50

child and young persons act 1908 unsuccessful

Answer 50

'neglect' subjective little to do with causes of juvenile crime

Question 51

old age pensions 1908 successes

Answer 51

a person over 70 with no other income would receive 5 shillings per week a married couple would receive 7s 6d good effect on the elderly 650,000 people collected their pensions in the first year number of people claiming outdoor relief fell by 80,000 non contributory - direct funding from government

Question 52

labour exchanges 1909 successes

Answer 52

workers could sign on to a register when they were unemployed and find out about available work part of governments campaign against unemployment by 3000 into jobs every working day by 1913

Question 53

old age pensions 1908 unsuccessful

Answer 53

could be refused to people who had failed to work to their best abilities - subjective many people didn't live to 70 not available to immigrants some still lived with the threat of the workhouse had to have their birth certificate amount received was below the poverty line

Question 54

labour exchanges 1909 unsuccessful

Answer 54

employers didn't have to advertise available jobs

Question 55

national insurance pt 1 1911 successes

Answer 55

provided compulsory health insurance for workers earning under £160/year if ill, and employee was paid 10 shillings for up to 13 weeks, then paid 5 shillings for the next 13 employee, employer and gov all paid into scheme

Question 56

national insurance pt 1 1911 unsuccessful

Answer 56

after 25 weeks absence from work the benefits stopped no provision was made for workers family many objected to compulsory payments they had to make

Question 57

national insurance pt 2 1911 successes

Answer 57

an insured worker losing their job would receive 7 shillings/week for 15 weeks workers would pay 2.5p a week employers paid 2p gov paid 3 p many trades were involved

Question 58

national insurance pt 2 1911 unsuccessful

Answer 58

cover was only provided for a limited time depending on contributions no provision for workers family only covered certain trades - domestic servants excluded

Question 59

what was Robert Rhode James' opinion on whether there was a welfare state?

Answer 59

Liberals failed to deal with "fundamental social problems"