Socio-Cultural Influences Flashcards
(33 cards)
Reasons for participation rates based on personal factors
GASED
Gender
Age
Socio-economic group
Ethnicity
Disability
What are socio-economic groups
They split people according to their job or profession. The groups are given in order:
- Highest order - professional or managerial jobs where people have a lot of responsibility
- Lowest order - where there is no or limited responsibility
Normally high responsibility jobs are paid more, so these people have more money.
What are the reasons for differences in participation rates based on socio-economic group and why
Cost - some activities cost more than others such as golf membership fees
Availability - some activities are harder to get to for some people such as skiing and rock climbing
Time - Some activities take a long time and people have work and family commitments
Reasons for difference in participation rates based on gender
Cost - women generally earn less than men
Time - traditionally women will have restricted time as they spend more time looking after the home/children as well as working and so may have less time for sport
Image - Either gender can worry about what people think preventing them from taking part (for example women is ‘male activities’ such as rugby) as society still sees some sports as more associated with either men or women
Reasons for differences in participation rates based on age
Access - a local tennis club may only allow juniors to play at weekend but if they have a weekend part time job this means they cannot play
Cost - money may be needed to pay bills rather than bag for sport
Time - less time due to work
Nature of activity - depending on the individual, some activities may be more difficult to participate in as a person gets older.
What are cultural influences
Family or peers influencing whether someone does or does not do an activity
Reasons for differences in participation rates based on ethnicity
Stereotyping - where people from particular background are steered towards or away from certain activities, e.g. Endurance events such as long distance running are associated with east Africa such as Ethiopia
Cost - due to socio-economic grouping, some people from different ethnic minority groups may have less money to spend on sport, e.g. a Syrian refugee without a permanent job would not have the money needed to access more expensive sports
Reasons for differences in participation rates based on disability
Availability - lack of facilities or clubs in the area
Cost - specialist equipment may be expensive
Access - physical barriers, such as a lack of ramps or pool hoists
Stereotyping - Whether by the person with the disability (for example thinking they are unable to participate) or by others (e.g. assuming those with disabilities are unable to take part due to having a disability)
Examples of adapted activities available for people with disabilities
Wheelchair tennis and wheelchair rugby
What is the golden triangle
A representation of how commercialisation, media, physical activity and sport interlink and benefit each other and how they are are all essential for each other to maximise opportunity and profit
What are commercial organisations
Organisations that need to make a profit from the sale of goods, services or events.
For what does the player/performer and the sport itself need funding for
- Facilities
- Equipment
- Competitions
Advantages of commercialisation and the media for the sponsor
- Excellent and relatively inexpensive advertising of their products as:
~ media can show products in advertisements during breaks in play
~ brand names can be seen around venues and on performers clothing during activity - raised awareness of brands, leading to inc add sales
- product associated with high-quality performance or health and fitness, giving brands high status
- Increased media hype about an event = greater viewing numbers - more exposure for sponsors products
Advantages of commercialisation and the media for the sport
More media coverage -> raised awareness of sports to help increase participation -> higher profile of sport - more commercial interest -> increased funding from sponsors used to:
- Run events
- Develop grassroot to elite formers
- Develop better facilities
Advantages of commercialisation and the media for the player/performer
- can be paid millions to endorse products
- can train full time and not have to complete another job to fund training so can focus on becoming the best at their sport
- can receive top-quality products to use to help performance
Advantages of commercialisation and the media for the spectator
- more coverage
- top events
- replays
- red button choice
- player can
- ability to buy the same clothes and equipment as role models
Disadvantages of commercialisation and the media for the sponsor
- the media may not get a high number of viewers
- the company doesn’t get the amount of exposure they wanted
- the player/team doesn’t perform well
- a player becomes a as role model due to cheating, violence, infidelity, racism and etc. - sponsors become linked to these players and the product receives a negative image, making it less popular and reducing sales.
Disadvantages of commercialisation and the media for the sport
- clothing and rules changed to make the game more appealing to viewers
- fixture times and length of season changed to maximise viewing opportunities
- breaks in play for advertising purposes
- minority sports not shown by media -> decrease in participation
- minority sports get little media coverage and therefore lack sponsorship
- negative reporting can give the sport a bad reputation
Disadvantages of the media and commercialisation for the player/performer
- event times may make conditions less favourable for performers
- withdrawal of sponsorship can cause financial difficulties
- product may have a bad image (alcohol) or be unethical (child labour) giving a bad reputation to performer.
- requires appearances take time away from training
- pressure to win at all costs to keep sponsorship
- restricted to sponsorship clothing/equipment
- no privacy
- negative reporting can lose sponsorship
Disadvantages of commercialisation and the media for the spectator
- high subscription cost for TV sports channels
- pay per view -> news to pay again for certain matches/events
- high cost of merchandise
- minority sports not shown
- sponsors keep best tickets for hospitality reasons
What is sportsmanship
Sportsmanship is a type of behaviour that you should see in sport. It is where players display good conduct and do not resort to tying to win by unfair means.
Examples of sportsmanship:
- showing respect for officials and opponents
- shaking hands with opponents
- kicking the ball out of play if an opponent is injured
- being honest if the ball is out or if they break a rule
What does sportsmanship create
- good role models
- a positive image of the sport or activity
- satisfaction/pride - you know you won honestly
What is gamesmanship
Gamesmanship is a type of behaviour that you should not see from performer in sport. It is bending (not breaking) the rules to gain an unfair advantage.
