Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK 3 > Soft Tissue > Flashcards

Soft Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Skin is high in:

A

Elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Skeletal Mm Connective Tissue Sheaths must be able to:

A
  • broaden during contraction of muscle

- elongate during lengthening of muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nerve Sheaths allow:

A
  • nerves to glide in central and peripheral NS

- if they can’t move=impairet efferent/afferent signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fascia

A
  • Slightly mobile sheath of connective tissue
  • supports all soft tissue and also attached to bone
  • limited blood supply
  • good tensile strength (many directions)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fascia can affect:

A
  • balance

- neurological status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Components of Fascia

A

-connective tissue and ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Categories of Connective Tissue

A
  • Dense Regular
  • Dense Irregular
  • Loose Irregular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dense Regular

A
  • parallel fibers, resist unidirectional stress

- not well hydrated or vascularized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dense Irregular

A
  • non-parallel; resist multidirectional stress
  • stop extremes of motion
  • areas of high mechanical stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Loose Irregular

A
  • most elastic
  • greatest amount of ground substance per unit area
  • good tensile strength to multi-directional stresses
  • maintains space between structures for motion
  • most potential for change through soft tissue mobs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dense Regular Examples

A

-Ex. lig/tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dense Irregular Examples

A

-Ex. dermis, joint capsules, periosteum, fascial sheaths, aponeuroses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Loose Irregular Examples

A

-Ex. SubQ, some deep fascia, muscle/nerve sheaths, supportive framework for lymph system and internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cells of Connective Tissue

A
  • fibroblasts
  • histiocytes
  • macrophages
  • mast cells
  • plasma cells
  • lymphocytes, eosinophils, leukocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fibroblasts

A

-create collagen, elastin, reticulin and ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Collagen’s dominant role:

A
  • maintain structural integrity of various tissues

- provide tensile strength to tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Elastin’s dominant role:

A

-determines patterns of distention and recoil in most organs (skin, lungs, blood vessels and connective tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Histiocytes

A

-phagocytic cells that become active during inflammatory conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Macrophages

A

-Cells that debride an area after trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mast Cells

A

cells that secrete histamine (vasodilator) and heparin (anticoagulant)

21
Q

Plasma Cells

A

-produce antibodies

22
Q

Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, Leukocytes

A

-present during infectious disease

23
Q

Gound Substance

A
  • the midium in which connective tissue fibers lie
  • maintain distance between connective tissue fibers (prevent adhesions)

-made up of mucopolysaccharides (proteoglycans and GAGs) which provide lubrication for connective tissue gliding and diffuses nutrients and waste products

24
Q

Connective tissue fibers

A

-collagen, elastin, reticulin

25
Q

Repair Process

A
  • Inflammatory phase
  • regeneration/repair phase
  • remodeling/maturation phase
26
Q

Inflammatory phase

A
  • 4-6 days post injury
  • histamine/bradykinin released
  • phagocytosis by macrophages for cellular debris
  • re-vascularization starts
  • fibrin reestablish tensile strength of tissue
27
Q

Regeneration/Repair Phase

A
  • 5 days to 10-12 weeks
  • collagen laid in random arrangement
  • area covered by highly vascularized fibrous connective tissue
28
Q

Remodeling/Maturation Phase

A
  • 3 weeks to 12 months
  • fibrous connective tissue changes
  • collagen fibers align due to tension
  • more organized tissue (increased tensile strength
  • cross linkage between collagen fibers lead to formation of adhesions
  • collagen fibers contract–>decreased motion of scar tissue
29
Q

Myofascial Dysfunction

A

-malfunction of fascial system due to trauma, posture, inflammation that causes binding down of fascia resulting in abnormal pressures on nerves, muscle, bones, organs which create pain or malfunction throughout the body

30
Q

Trigger Points may be a manifestation of:

A

myofascial dysfunction

31
Q

Trigger Points

A
  • discrete, focal, hyperirritable spots located in a taut band of skeletal muscle
  • produce pain locally
  • referred pain pattern
32
Q

Tender Point

A

-pain at site of palpation only

33
Q

Fibromyalgia

A
  • pre-menopausal women with diffuse pain
  • disturbed sleep patterns
  • at least 11/18 standardized tender points
34
Q

Fibromyalgia Tender points

A
  1. occiput at subocc Mm insertions
  2. low cervical at ant intertransferse spaces C5-C7
  3. trap at midpoint of upper border
  4. supraspin at origin above scap spine near med border
  5. 2nd rib at 2nd costochondral junction just lat to junctions on upper surfaces
  6. lateral epicondyle of humerus
  7. glut region in upper outer quadrant of buttocks in ant fold of Mm
  8. Gr troch post to trochanteric prominence
  9. knees at med fat pad prox to jt line
35
Q

Fibromyalgia Treatment

A
  • aerobic exercise (low load)
  • address sleep disturbances
  • teach pt self-management (explain condition, minimize stress to soft tissue, time management, assistive aides, mod to work/home, relaxation)

-soft tissue not big help here

36
Q

Myofascial Pain Syndrome

A
  • more specific findings than fibromyalgia
  • pain limited to certain region (not specific structure)
  • disturbed sleep, trigger points
  • distortion of proprioception
  • fatigue, strain, stress, trauma may stimulate condition
37
Q

Mechanical Dysfunction

A
  • myofascial dysfunction linked to specific cause like repetitive strain or reflex sympathetic dystrophy
  • sof tissue mob more beneficial here
38
Q

Myofascial Pathologies

A
  • Fibromyalgia
  • Myofascial Pain Syndrome
  • Mechanical Dysfunction
39
Q

Muscle Play

A

-assess soft tissue mobility of Mm surrounding symptomatic area with muscle bending

40
Q

Skin Gliding

A
  • at area of soft tissue restriction
  • to determine direction in which most limited
  • apply pressure through tips of thumbs; keep one still and use other thumb to pull away to end range
  • do same all around 360*
  • should feel springy soft end feel; dysfunction=hard end feel
41
Q

Technique for inflam and repair stages

A

-broadening and shortening (exam and treatment)

42
Q

Technique for remodeling stage

A
  • lengthening

- (can still continue broadening and shortening)

43
Q

Effleurage

A 
-AKA: Stroking
\:TYPES:
-Palmar effleurage
-knuckling
-2-3 finger effleurage
-fulling
44
Q

Petrissage

A 
-AKA: Kneading
TYPES
-hand kneading
-finger kneading
-alternating 2-hand kneading
45
Q

Massage Indications

13

A
  • amputations
  • arthritis
  • burns
  • bursitis
  • myositis
  • facial paralysis
  • inflammation
  • insomnia
  • pain
  • postural dysfunction
  • prolonged bedrest
  • scar tissue/contracture
  • edema (non-obstructive
46
Q

Massage Counterindications

9

A
  • obstructive edema
  • Active malignancy
  • thrombophlebitis
  • hematoma
  • non-union fractures
  • post op areas
  • around lacerations
  • active communicable diseases
  • mental disturbances
47
Q

Massage and myofascial mobilization both cause:

A
  • increased circulation of blood/lymphatic fluid

- effect on autonomic and CNS

48
Q

Fibromyalgia points

A

18 points

MSK 3 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions