SOPS Flashcards
(137 cards)
1
Q
When SHALL the incident command system be utilized?
A
SHALL be used at all incidents involving multi-unit response within the city and on calls where mutual aid is rendered.
2
Q
What are the functions of IC?
Which ones need to be addressed immediately?
A
- Rapidly evaluate the situation
(size up) - Establish command- take an effective position.
- Identify the overall strategy, develop an IAP, and assign units and personnel .
- Initiate and monitor accountability of personnel.
- Initiate and maintain control of the communications process.
- organizational and resource management
- Review, evaluate, and revise IAP
*THE FIRST 5 MUST BE ADDRESSED IMMEDIATLEY.
3
Q
What are the tactical objectives of IC?
A
- LIFE SAFETY- Rescue those in immediate danger, provide medical care, prevent bystanders from becoming endangered. Maintain the safety and accountability of responding personnel.
- INCIDENT STABILIZATION- Limit damage, prevent further destabilization, and minimize spread of the incident.
- PROPERTY CONSERVATION- Take appropriate actions to protect structures, content, and other tangible property.
- ENVIRONMENTAL- protect air, water, and land.
4
Q
When addressing ANY of the tactical objectives, IC SHALL perform what?
A
Continuous Risk Vs Benefit Analysis
- We SHALL risk our lives to save lives that are savable.
“risk a life to save a life” - We SHALL risk injury in a calculated manner to save property that is savable.
- We SHALL NOT risk our lives, or injury, for lives or property that are already lost.
“Risk nothing to save nothing.”
5
Q
Span of control is what?
A
When a incident is not yet under control, and emergency ops is being performed, the IC SHALL attempt to limit span of control to 5.
When conditions expand, the IC will work on expanding the incident command system to maintain span of control to 5 or less.
They can add command staff and/or general staff.
6
Q
Who takes command? When can it be transferred? How should it be transferred?
A
First arriving officer
If chief officer arrives with others, he/she will take command.
If first arriving officer is going into IDLH, they should consider passing command to an officer ON SCENE and that officer does NOT have to go into IDLH.
Chief officer can assume command on scene at their discretion UNLESS the incident is escalating or unstable, which in case they SHALL assume IC.
IC can be transferred via radio but face-to-face is preferred. The new IC SHALL notify dispatch of the transfer.
7
Q
What is included in the size up?
A
CAN-C report.
Conditions
Actions
Needs
Command
8
Q
When can IC terminated?
A
Once the scene is stabilized and units can return to service.
If 2 or more units remain on scene, IC SHALL remain in place.
9
Q
When will dispatch automatically assign a tac channel?
A
Airport alerts (AIR1, AIR2, AIR3)
Confined space entry (CSE)
Structure fires (STF)
Vehicle fires- inside structure (VSF)
Chemical leak/spill/rupture/odor (CHM)
Explosion (EXP)
Train derailment, fires, collisions
(TRD, TRF, TRV)
Active shooter/hostile event responses (ASHER)
10
Q
To improve safety and efficiency on scene, dispatch will notify IC of what benchmarks?
A
- Trauma alert on-scene benchmarks at declared trauma alert incidents every 5 mins
- Collapse benchmarks at declared structure fires every 10 mins
11
Q
What SHALL be used during size up to describe the conditions?
A
1.”nothing showing”- No signs of smoke or fire present.
Should also include what area of the structure being observed.
- “smoke showing”- smoke is issuing from a structure.
Density (thickness) should be described as “light”, “moderate”, or “heavy” - “Working fire”- smoke and flames are visible, and the first arriving officer believes that all responding units will be needed.
12
Q
The mode of operation SHALL be declared by the IC to all responding units. What are the modes of operation?
A
- Investigating- declared when no clear, visible indicators of the extent, or nature of the incident is present.
- Offensive- declared for fires where savable lives may exist, and structural integrity is intact.
(On the inside) - Defensive- for fires where the probability of savable lives does not exist, and structural integrity has be compromised. Also declared when all attempts to preserve life and property have been exhausted.
(Dicks are on the outside) - transitional- fire conditions indicate that the SLICE-RS strategy for fire attack is a viable option.
13
Q
The size up SHALL follow what report format?
A
CAN-C
Conditions- what we see from the cab.
Actions- announce immediate actions . (Glades command investigating)
Needs- Request any additional resources needed that are not on the first alarm assignment
(Hazmat, pd, utilities, tow, etc)
Command- Command name, location and mode of operation- investigating, offensive, defensive, or transitional. MODE MUST BE DECLARED.
14
Q
When should progress reports be made? and what is included in progress reports?
A
Progress reports need to TIMELY (WITHIN THE FIRST 5 MINS), complete, and concise.
CAN report.
15
Q
“benchmark” reports will be made during the incident. these include;
A
- Operational mode- SHALL be announced anytime mode is changed. (“emergency traffic”)
- primary all clear
- Secondary all clear
- Water on fire
- fire under control- confined the fire, eliminated further fire extension, and protected any threatened exposures. Salvage and overhaul started.
- Fire out- Fire is out. overhual is complete
- All units PAR
16
Q
When will dispatch do status checks?
What happens if the status request is not answered after ___ attempts?
A
Enroute time exceeding 1 min.
Primary unit response time exceeding 8 min travel time.
*If unit does not answer by 3 status request, dispatch will transmit an alert tone and call the unit again. If no answer is received, the BC will be notified.
17
Q
What are the ____ “activities” we use?
A
10
Area survey activity(ASACT)
Company survey activity (CSACT)
hydrant inspection activity (HIACT)
public education activity (PEACT)
special events activity (SPACT)
Building inspection activity (BIACT)
Fire prevention activity (FPACT)
Public health activity (PHACT)
training activity (TRACT)
Regeneration activity (REACT)
18
Q
RIT SHALL consist of how many people?
When can they perform other functions?
A
SHALL consist of at least 3 members and include a company officer.
RIT can perform other functions during the initial stages of an incident (Only 1 entry team is operating in IDLH)
When a 2nd entry team is assigned or operating in IDLH, the incident SHALL no longer be considered the initial stages.
19
Q
What are the alerts for airport emergencies?
A
Alert 1- aircraft inbound with possible difficulties.
Alert 2- An aircraft emergency exists. Indicates an aircraft is experiencing an emergency condition (engine trouble, faulty landing gear, no hydraulic pressure). The airport SHALL be closed and all aircraft movements ceased.
Alert 3- Accident has occurred or an imminent situation prevails.
20
Q
What are the airport towers hours of operation?
What gate do we enter?
A
7 A- 11P
Gate 9
*Units arriving late must have IC notify the tower of their late response
21
Q
Monitor airport talk group radio and upon arrival IC relays the following;
A
- aircraft identification/type
- emergency condition
- aircraft position or estimated time of arrival
- landing runway to be used
- souls on board
- amount of fuel
- wind direction and velocity
- hazardous cargo
22
Q
If there is a Communiations failure, all vehicles need to immediately exit the runway if they see what?
A
Runway lights flashing.
23
Q
Tactical usage of the tic which uses infrared spectrum
A
The tic should be used by first arriving company officer during size up
- location of a fire in structure
- proper entry points for fire attack
- ventilation location choices based on fire location
- hazardous material spills
- fluid levels in tanks
- chemical reactions producing heat.
24
Q
When SHALL the passport accountability system be used?
A
SHALL be utilized anytime 2 or more units are assigned to an IDLH incident.
25
Incident supervisors are required to do what before returning passports?
a face to face roll call
26
Who can we provide or receive orders from on an incident?
from the person holding our passports.
exception: safety related orders from safety officer
27
How many name tags should we have on our helmet when not in use?
4
28
When a incident has escalated to the point of having divisions/groups, the unit ID should what?
The unit ID tag that is normally kept at the bottom of the passport will be and kept at the command post.
29
On special ops/trt incidents, the person assigned to the personnel accountability will be designated as the _____?
When should PARs be performed?
Site Access Control Leader
-Report of a missing or trapped FF
- Each 30 min interval of elapsed incident time
- Any sudden catastrophic/hazardous event including but not limited to building collapse, explosion, flashover, backdraft.
- switch from offensive to defensive
- continuous PASS device activation
- as determined by IC or safety officer
- any other significant changes of conditions
30
How do we stop rail traffic or shut down the rail system?
IC or his/her designee must confirm the cessation of rail traffic by calling the TRAIN DISPATCHER directly. They must give the DOT # on the closest road crossing gate.
*The IC may ask the railway representative (Train master) to respond to the scene, but it may take hours for them to arrive.
31
Where must a fire rescue employee be stationed during an incident on the train tracks?
What must they be wearing and have in their possession?
they will be positioned AT LEAST 2 miles north and 2 miles south of the incident to serve as an emergency look out.
*They must wear safety vest and have road flares or a red light to signal the train operator of emergency.
*The universal emergency signal to stop a train is to rapidly wave a red light at chest height.
32
What is the emergency evacuation signal?
What is the total time it will last?
SHALL consist of repeated short blast of the air horn for approx. 10 seconds followed by 10 sec period of silence. Will be done 3 times: total air horn evacuation signal including periods of silence will last 50 seconds.
33
When the order to evacuate after IC call for emergency traffic and notifies to evacuate the building dispatch will do what?
Dispatch will simulcast an alert 2 tone 3 times and announce twice
"All units at _____ Command, evacuate ______ building or area immediately"
*IC needs to perform a PAR and notify dispatch when everyone is PAR.
34
What is the minimum acceptable level of protection that SHALL be worn when during non-firefighting situations?
minimum acceptable level of protection SHALL be helmet and gloves.
35
Whenever the aerial device is deployed, and is simultaneously flowing water there SHALL be what?
There SHALL be a trained FFD at the pump panel (preferably the driver assigned to the aerial) and a trained FFD in the pedestal.
36
What are the alarms on the Drager Pac 3500 CO monitors on our zoll?
A-1 Alarm (Low Alarm)- will alarm at 35 ppm. it can be silenced by pressing OK
A-2 Alarm (High alarm)- will alarm at 50 ppm. this alarm CAN NOT be silenced.
37
The IC should complete a risk-benefit analysis during lightening storms of the following tasks:
- Have all raised aerial apparatus lowered
- Cease all roof ops
- Have DE remain inside their apparatus when possible
- Have RIT stage inside apparatus
- Ensure ground ladder carries or raises are not done
-Ensure personnel not on active assignment are staged inside apparatus.
- Ensure breakdown/ clean up activities are only done when the threat of lightening is no longer present.
38
When is the need for post fire gross decon?
-interior ops whenever smoke is present
*And below whenever in contact with smoke:
- vehicle fires
- brush fires (trash, tires, fertilizer, pesticides, insecticides, and unknowns)
- Trash/dumpster fires
- DE performing pump ops
-IC (Where there is exposure to the command post)
- safety officers
- un-deployed RIT
- Crews assigned to an exterior exposure line
*Or at the direction of the IC
39
To ensure proper and full decon of highly exposed personnel there SHALL be, as determined by the BC, how long to decon?
Up to 1 hour of out-of- service time starting from the time the unit is released from the scene.
*officers must go available prior to 1 hour.
*Showering is the priority. It is best to shower within 1 hour from leaving scene.
40
How do we angle the apparatus when protecting a scene?
SHALL angle away from the curb with the wheels turned away from the work area.
Provide a buffer zone of AT LEAST 50 ft between the apparatus and the scene.
Ensure the apparatus blocks from the curb or median area to the furthest lane that needs to be blocked.
41
When blocking a scene, how many lanes should we take?
Lane blocking should initially be the involved area PLUS 1 lane to create a work zone and can be altered as necessary with the priority to life safety.
42
How do we designate lanes?
Lanes SHALL be identified by numbers to ensure effective communications
Express lanes and general use lanes are identified separately.
Lanes are numbered left to right with the innermost lane as number 1.
Shoulders are referenced as inside or outside shoulder
*Express lane 1
Express lane 2
Barricades then
General use lane 1
General use lane 2
and so on.
43
BRFD vehicles may drive over the i95 express lane tubular markers (Express lane dividers) with the following guidlines?
- attempt to slow to the recommended speed of 15 mph or less while crossing and carefully monitor the adjacent lanes with moving traffic.
- Do not reverse direction while over the markers
-Do not park while over markers (could be in contact with hot exhaust)
- When the scene is adjacent to the tubular markers, block the first lane on the opposite side of the markers to protect the scene. request resources as needed.
-do not direct trapped traffic to exit over the markers. FDOT will create a safe exit strategy and direct traffic to exit after they arrive.
44
Where should our traffic cones be placed?
Initial traffic cones should be placed upstream (behind the truck) of the apparatus in the transition area tapering to the curb to alert and direct traffic to merge into open lanes of travel away from the incident.
*Place and retrieve cones while facing traffic. Sono-blasters SHALL be utilized to audibly warn personnel of vehicles that enter the protected area
*cones should be placed along the first adjacent open travel lane downstream from the scene apparatus past the incident space to warn motorist of the incident space
45
General recommendations for cone placement based on traffic speed?
25 mph - 65 ft
40 mph - 105 ft
60 mph - 160 ft
*25 to 65 - both 5's
*40 to 105- stay alive
*60 to 160
46
Where should the back up apparatus be when blocking for the truck on scene?
Additional apparatus should be in a linear position in the plus one lane
The blocking apparatus should be 150ft - 200ft upstream from the units on scene.
Additional traffic cones should be placed further apart with the last cone approximately 160 ft away from the blocking apparatus to allow adequate warning to motorist.
47
Vehicle locations on a car accident scene should be considered as follows:
FDOT or pd vehicles upstream of the incident protecting apparatus, medic units, and support units downstream of the incident area.
48
The blocking apparatus should be position how far from the units on scene?
150 to 200 ft upstream from units on scene.
49
Who can we not call through dispatch for an accident scene? who should contact them?
Routine tow truck request, severe incident response vehicle, or rapid incident scene clearance (RISC) request SHALL NOT be made through dispatch. These are handled by FDOT or pd having jurisdiction.
50
The two in and two out rule will be used and personnel will not what?
initiate interior fire attack without a minimum of 4 personnel on scene.
*the exception to this rule SHALL be made for the purpose of rescuing victims in immediate danger.W
51
what is RECEO-VS?
Rescue
Exposure
Confine
Extinguish
Overhaul
Ventilation
Salvage
52
When will a fire watch be established and for how long?
fire watch for a minimum of 6 hours SHALL be established for fires that have extended to structural components.
53
SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTAL STRUCTURE FIRE
What are the assignments of the suppressions?
1st suppression:
Fire attack
2nd:
water supply then back up line
-ensure water supply is secured/stretch back up line
3rd:
"back up line" or "RIT"
Stretch and operate the back up line/rit
4th:
Reserve manpower.
54
SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTAL STRUCTURE FIRE
What are the assignments of the rescues?
1st:
search 1
primary search/ves
2nd:
outside vent
Provide immediate medical care as needed/outside vent
3rd:
medical or rehab
55
SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTAL STRUCTURE FIRE
Suppression functions
1st: fire attack
- Capt: size up, est IC, 360 (if possible)
- DE: stretch attack line & pump
-FF: stretch attack line, force entry, nozzle position
2nd: Water supply/back up line
- Capt: determine forward/rev lay. Stretch back up line
-DE: Assist the driver of attack unit
FF: Hydrant hook up. Stretch back up line.
3rd: Back up line/RIT
(no individualized functions)
-RIT size up & 360
- Stage RIT pack and tools
- Provide secondary means of egress:
-force & control exterior doors
-place ladder when crews are operating above ground level
-preplan for FF rescue
4th: Reserve manpower
- report to command in full PPE, with tools and passport.
56
SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTAL STRUCTURE FIRE
Rescue functions
1st: Search one
-Provide EMS as needed.
- Forcible entry/door control
- Primary search: interior or VES
- Assist attack with initial attack line and advance to fire area
- Inside vent- coordinated with fire attack.
2nd: outside vent
- Provide EMS as needed.
- Outside vent- coordinate with attack and IC
-secure utilites
- report backside conditions
- Ladder building as appropriate:
- Multi-story: ladder to window
- single-story: ladder to the roof
3rd: medical or rehab
- provide ems as needed
- set up and monitor rehab
57
SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTAL STRUCTURE FIRE
Suppressions Tools
1st: fire attack
-Capt: Tic/roof hook
-DE: apparatus
-FF: irons
2nd: water supply/back up line
same as above.
3rd: back up line/ RIT
-Capt: tic/roof hook
-DE: RIT tools
-FF: irons and rit pack
4th: reserve manpower
-Capt: tic/roof hook
-DE: box light
-FF: irons
58
SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTAL STRUCTURE FIRE
Rescue tools
1st: search one
-LT: tic/roof hook
-B FF: water can/ search rope*
-C FF: irons, k9 saw
2nd: outside vent
-LT: tic/roof hook
-B FF: vent tools and irons
-C FF: 24 ft ladder
3rd: Medical rehab
- Provide EMS care as needed
- Set up and monitor rehab
59
What is considered a multi family residential?
What do they include?
More than 2 living units and are under 5 stories.
These include:
apartment/condominium buildings, garden apartments, hotels/motels, and triplexes
60
MULTI FAMILY RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURE FIRES
Suppression unit assignments
1st: fire attack. Stretch and operate the initial attack line
2nd: water supply then back up line.
Ensure back up line is secured/stretch back up line
*After a water supply has been secured, or if fire attack unit has secured their own water supply, the 2nd suppression unit next actions will be based on fire ground conditions. The priorities will be:
- assist "fire attack" with placing the initial attack line in service (ie extend, or difficult stretches)
- Stretch back up line to protect initial attack line.
*IF fire is under control, consider deploying back up line to protect the MOST THREATENED EXPOSURES.
3RD: line 3
- Whenever possible and practical, locate on the backside of the structure.
4th: RIT
61
MULTI FAMILY RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURE FIRES
rescues assignments
1st: search one
-Primary search of the fire apartment
2nd: search 2
- Forcible entry as needed
- primary search of exposures
- interior search or ves
3rd: medical or rehab
62
MULTI FAMILY RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURE FIRES
Suppressions functions:
1st: fire attack
- Capt: size up. 360 if possible
- DE: stretch attack line and pump
-FF: stretch attack line, force entry, nozzle position.
*Before stretching the hose, determine the exact location of the fire (floor, apartment, distance to stairwell) and the best path for access to the fire.
- tactic used: stretching preconnect, garden lay, portable standpipe, or standpipe ops)
2nd: water supply/ back up line
Capt: determine forward/rev lay. stretch back up line
DE: assist the DE of the attack unit. ladder structure as needed.
FF: hydrant hook up. stretch back up line.
* after water supply has been secured, or attack unit has it own water supply, the 2nd suppression units next actions will be based on fire ground conditions. Assist attack with line. stretch back up line to protect attack.
3rd: Line 3
- check the backside for victims and signs of fire extension
- communicate backside conditions to IC
- stretch the 3rd line
4th: Rit
63
MULTI FAMILY RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURE FIRES
Most threatened exposure for fire for fires in the top floor apartment:
1. the attic space directly above the fire apartment
2. the attic space above the next-door apartment on the "long end" of the structure
3. The attic space above the fire next-door apartment on the "short end" of the structure
64
MULTI FAMILY RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURE FIRES
Most threatened exposure for fires that is NOT at the top floor apartment:
1. the apartment directly above the fire apartment
2. the top floor apartment, and attic space, located directly in line with the fire apartment (heat and fire will travel vertically via windows, pipe chases and hidden voids)
65
MULTI FAMILY RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURE FIRES
Most threatened exposures - smoke/toxic gases for fire in the top floor apartments:
1. the next-door apartment on the "long-end" of the structure
2. the next-door apartment on the "short-end" of the structure
3. All other top floor apartments
66
MULTI FAMILY RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURE FIRES
Most threatened exposures- smoke/toxic gases for fire NOT in a top floor apartment
1. the apartment directly above the fire apartment
2. the top floor apartment located directly in line with the fire apartment (smoke will travel vertically via pipe chases and hidden voids)
3. all other top floors
67
What defines a high rise building?
Where the floor of an occupiable story is greater than 75ft above the lowest level of FD vehicle access.
68
What should the first arriving fire apparatus do when arriving on a high rise structure fire?
What if the first arriving is an engine?
What does the driver of the first arriving unit do?
FF and capt are to Don full PPE, forcible entry tools and high rise pack, and proceed to the building for investigation.
*If first arriving is an engine, the engine should be positioned at the FDC.
The driver of the first arriving unit should go to the lobby and account for all elevators, assuring they are not occupied and not in use by the building occupants
69
If there are no other order received, what should the 2nd due unit should do what on a high rise building?
The 2nd due unit should hook the pumper to the FDC.
*The lines should NOT be charged unless smoke or fire is reported.
*Truck companies should NOT be routinely attached to the FDC and water supply.
70
What does the 3rd arriving unit do on a high rise structure fire?
Unless otherwise directed, 3rd due should position their apparatus in a safe area, and the capt and FF should proceed with full gear and tools to the lobby for an assignment.
*The DE of the 3rd arriving apparatus should stay with the vehicles and establish a "base" area for other incoming apparatus to park safely, unless otherwise directed.
71
The SOP for standpipe ops is for personnel on a "working fire" in a structure such as:
high rise
mid-rise
multi family
multi level parking garage
Where a standpipe is available to use, and the ability to stretch a hose line from a suppression is impractical or impossible.
72
What are the keys to achieving a successful standpipe operation?
to ensure that before connecting to a standpipe the following have been determined:
- The floor on which the fire is located- "fire floor"
- The apartment/office/unit in which the fire is located
- The stairwell/standpipe closest to the apartment/office/unit in which the fire is located- "attack stairwell"
-The appropriate means for accessing two (2) floors below the fire floor to perform "fire attack" operations:
- Stairwells SHALL be used up to the 7th floor
- Elevators SHALL only be considered when ascending to the 8th floor and above.
- Conditions of the fire floor- clean vs. dirty.
73
STANDPIPE OPERATIONS
First suppression unit assignment
1st suppression: Fire attack group
- Recon fire floor, the floor below the fire floor, and conditions on the staging floor (if needed)
-As soon as sufficient manpower is available: stretch/advance and operate initial attack line.
74
STANDPIPE OPERATIONS
First suppression unit functions
1st suppression: attack group
*Fire attack group officer:
- Determine fire floor
-Recon hallway (dirty or clean)
- determine fire location, attack stairwell, and whether to advance or stretch line
- Communicate conditions found, and the designated attack and evacuation stairwells
*DE:
-Perform standpipe connection
-Assemble supply hose bundle
- Monitor adjacent standpipe pressure to the attack line
- The FFD SHALL stay at the standpipe while the line is in use.
*FF:
-Recon floor below fire floor
- Determine the number of 50' section of 2.5 needed.
- Assemble attack hose bundle
-Nozzle position
75
STANDPIPE OPERATIONS
First suppression unit tools
1st suppression:
*Capt: Tic/ region 7 key
*DE: high rise bag
*FF: irons
*The attack group officer will determine how the 2.5 high rise pack will be distributed among available personnel for ascending to the fire floor.
76
STANDPIPE OPERATIONS
First Rescue assignment
1st rescue
IC designation : assigned to the first suppression unit as attack group
Assist with stretching/advancing and operating the initial attack line
Primary search of the fire unit and any adjacent units
77
STANDPIPE OPERATIONS
First Rescue functions
1st rescue
*As a crew:
- forcible entry/door control
- Assist with standpipe ops
- assist with initial attack line ops
- Primary search of the fire unit
- Primary search for victims and fire extension in any units adjacent to the fire unit and then the remaining units on the fire floor
78
STANDPIPE OPERATIONS
First Rescue tools
1st rescue:
LT: tic/roof hook/rabbit tool
B FF: water can
CFF: irons/k9 saw
79
If using the elevator to ascent to the _____ floor or above, the elevator SHALL be operated in what?
8th floor
fire service mode-phase 2
and SHALL be taken out of fire service mode upon exiting so that the elevator may be recalled to the lobby.
80
Connecting to a standpipe- FF/DE
1. attach the 45 elbow
2. attach the 2.5 gate to the elbow. gate valve should be fully open
3. flush the standpipe and make sure it is wet
4. fully close gate valve, fully open standpipe
5. attach pressure gauge
6. attach the first supply bundle
81
How long should the attack line be opened fully and flowed on a standpipe operation?
no less than 15 secs.
To bleed any air and make sure there is adequate flow pressure
82
How should the DE at the standpipe control the pressure?
read the pressure gauge and open or close the gate valve as needed to adjust the pressure in the hose while water is flowing.
83
To ensure flow is at 250 gpm, the DE will adjust the gate valve to achieve pressure ranges in standpipe ops:
50' = 56 psi
100' = 62 psi
150' = 70 psi
200' = 75 psi
At 50 feet, you start strong: "5-6"
At 100 feet, pressure’s up but not too much: "10-62"
At 150 feet, you're pushing more: "15-70"
At 200 feet, you're maxing out the line: "20-75"
🧠 Say this fast and smooth to drill it in:
5-6, 10-62, 15-70, 20-75
84
Where should the back up line be placed during standpipe ops?
Back up line should be connected two floors below the fire floor using the attack stairwell
85
How should the back up line be set up?
Supply bundle should be stretched from the standpipe outlet up the stairwell that the DE from the 1st suppression unit is flowing the attack line on.
- attach the 2.5 gate valve to the supply bundle. Gate should be fully closed and the standpipe fully open.
- attach the pressure gauge tot the supply bundle.
- The DE from the first unit will set, adjust, and monitor the psi for both the attack and the back up lines.
86
If a line 3 is needed in a standpipe op, it SHALL be hooked up where?
It SHALL be hooked up on a SEPERATE riser than the one supporting the attack and back up line.
87
Mid rise structures are
structures that are 5 to 7 stories tall with interior hallways and stairwells
88
High rise buildings are
eight or more stories tall with interior hallways and stairwells
89
A working fire in a mid rise or high rise building will rapidly become what?
What should be considered early?
Rapidly become a personnel intensive operations.
The number of units dispatched for an IFA or structure fire assignment will NOT be sufficient to perform all the functions required.
Command should consider requesting a 2nd alarm early.
90
What are the tactical objectives for mid rise and high rise fires?
The same for any structure fire:
Life safety
incident stabilization
property conservation
91
What are the unique challenges of mid rise and high rise fires?
occupancy
construction
fire protection systems
Failure of water supply systems
electrical systems
elevators
92
In high rise and mid rise, what should be done for rescues of occupants?
Those in danger and not in danger.
Rescue should be limited to those occupants in immediate danger on the fire floor.
Those occupants NOT in immediate danger should be kept in or removed to a safe area.
93
When should shelter in place be considered?
When there is heavy smoke in hallways and stairwells
*Aggressive fire attack with relatively quick extinguishment and then effective ventilation prior to any evacuation.
94
When should we consider an area of refuge?
Where should it be located?
When the fire floor is an upper floor of a tall high-rise and occupants are not physically capable of descending to ground level.
The safe refuge area should be at least 4 floors below the fire floor, be monitored for changing conditions, be defensible, and have a planned evacuation.
95
What is our first priority when doing a primary search of a mid rise and high rise structure fire?
first priorities:
Immediate fire area, the fire floor, and the floor above the fire
96
What is the second priority when doing a primary search of a mid rise or high rise structure fire?
Any stairwells and hallways leading to the fire floor and the elevator lobbies on floors affected by the fire.
97
What group is assigned to search stairs and when does IC establish it?
Stair well search group (SSG)
When manpower on scene is sufficient to search for occupants trapped in stairwells ABOVE the fire floor
98
Where should RIT be staged on a mid rise or high rise fire?
Should operate from the staging floor - 2 floors below the fire floor
*By a minimum of a single 3 person suppression unit.
99
What are the priorities for a mid rise and high rise fire for exposures, confinement, and extinguishment?
1st priority: fire attack on the fire floor
2nd priority: back up line on the fire floor
3rd priority: line 3 on the floor above the fire floor if needed.
*An aggressive search for extension must be accomplished on the floor above and any units directly adjacent to the fire unit.
100
Lobby control on mid rise and high rise fires
-Control of elevators: each elevator car must be located, searched, and confirmed to be empty.
-Fire pump: confirm operation and report status to IC
- Alarm panel: check monitoring devices (smoke detector and water flow activations) and report status to IC
- Building communications system (if present): if possible, utilize to give evacuation and/or shelter in place directions to occupants and communicate with staging (keep radio channels clear)
- Extra equipment: establish a resource area and coordinate movement to 2 floors below the fire floor (staging floor)
-Maintain accountability.
101
Where is the staging floor on a mid rise and high rise fire?
What will be provided there?
2 floors below the fire when possible and practical.
Provides an area for rehab, changing out SCBA bottels, and spare tools/equipment.
102
Where are the spare SCBA bottles to be kept in a mid rise or high rise fire?
If an elevator is being used (8th floor and above), the elevator control firefighter (ECF) will bring spare SCBA cylinder to the staging area.
If stairwells are being used, crews should leave spare SCBA cylinders in the lobby to be moved up later by lobby control.
103
Where should the base location be?
Who is the base manager?
should be a few blocks from the incident with adequate room for orderly parking of apparatus not needed at the scene.
*Captain of the first arriving unit at the base SHALL be the base manager and will notify IC.
104
When operating at a mid rise or high rise fire, how should suppression units position?
Positioned for tandem pumping when possible.
105
What units should position to charge an FDC on a mid rise or high rise fire?
the 2nd and 3rd suppression unit should position to charge the FDC. Unless directed from IC to do something else or there is already a suppression there.
106
What should be done if a suppression is already positioned at the FDC on a mid rise or high rise fire?
The 2nd or 3rd suppression unit should position to supply the unit at the FDC.
107
Who will assign an ECF (elevator control FF) if using an elevator?
The back up line group officer will designate an elevator control FF (ECF) to remain with, and operate the elevator during operations.
108
How should elevator controls be tested when in a fire in a high rise or mid rise fire?
SHALL be tested in phase 2 by ascending 1 floor ONLY and then by stopping every 5 floors
109
How far can the elevators go up ?
elevators SHALL not ascend above 2 floors below the fire floor.
110
How many personnel can be in the elevator? What must they be carrying?
No more than 7.
They SHALL carry a flashlight and SCBA.
111
What is the duty of 3rd suppression unit on a mid rise or high rise structure fire?
Water supply then the floor above group.
*Secure a water supply and hook up to FDC (DE remains with truck).
*Capt/FF investigate the floor above the fire floor for fir extension and smoke conditions.
*May need to set up line 3 if directed
112
What is the assignment of the 3rd due rescue on a high rise or mid rise fire?
Assigned to the floor above group.
Primary search of units above the fire unit and any units on the floor above as needed.
Assist with line 3 as directed.
113
The 5th arriving suppression unit at a mid rise/ high rise fire will be what>?
Lobby control.
114
What is the 6th suppression units assignment at a mid rise/ high rise fire?
Base
115
Who may be used as a improvised standpipe on a vehicle fire?
truck companies may be used as an improvised standpipe at incidents on elevated freeways or parking garages.
116
How should we approach vehicle fires?
45 degree angle of attack from the front or desirable the rear angles are recommended.
This angle provides FF with the most protection from projectiles from cylinders and struts
117
When is it especially important to cool fuel tanks on vehicle fires?
What should be considered with these vehicles?
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Liquid Natural Gas (LNG)
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
*Foam should be considered with these vehicles when significant amount of fuel is involved.
118
Fires involving _____ SHALL be approached with caution.
Who SHALL be activated on these vehicle fires?
Cargo containers.
*Due to the large amount of fuel carried and the possibility of hazardous cargo, the special operations team SHALL be activated.
119
What can have a violent release on a car fire?
Heated bumpers
struts for the hood
rear hatch or trunk
May develop high pressures sufficient enough to cause a violent release.
120
What may explode when exposed to fires on a vehicle?
Tires or split rims. Releasing projectiles.
Then will cause the vehicle to drop suddendly.
121
How is it recommended to cut the hood or trunk of a vehicle?
How should they be flipped?
Hinges and/or struts be cut with the k12/partner saw and to flip the hood forward or the trunk/hatch backward to eliminate the hazard .
122
What can also be effective on metal fires on a vehicle?
Heavy amounts of water
Also dry chemical extinguishers can be effective
123
Can airbags deploy after key has been removed and the battery disconnected?
yes
124
What will deactivating the vehicles electrical system do to the airbags?
will prevent deployment of all electrically initiated airbags.
125
How long can some vehicles take to deactivate the airbags?
May take up to 30 mins, but most vehicles take up to 10 mins or less.
126
Airbags may deploy if a _______ is exposed to temps over _______.
gas generator
over 300 degrees
127
What is the rule for undeployed airbags?
5-10-20 rule
-maintain a minimum of 5 inches from side impact airbags
- maintain a minimum of 10 inches from frontal airbags
-maintain a minimum of 20 inches from passenger side frontal airbags.
128
What is recommended with a hybrid vehicle battery fire?
Let it burn itself out and protect fire spread.
129
Why do we let the batteries of hybrid vehicle fires burn out?
The casings of the hybrid batteries prevent water from getting on he individual cells so a fire cannot be extinguished.
130
How do we handle CNG fires?
the same tactics for fighting a CNG vehicle should be used as fighting a normal car fire UNLESS there is direct involvement of the natural gas cylinder.
Efforts to cool the tank should be considered.
131
How should we shut down the CNG leak from a vehicle?
Where is the shut off?
If it is necessary to stop the flow of CNG from the cylinders, an attempt to turn the 1/4 turn flow valve should be considered.
The common location is the driver side rear wheel.
consider using an ABC extinguisher if the fire is fed from the source.
132
What do we need to establish at the rear of a brush fire?
an anchor point
133
Where do we attack brush fires?
from the "burned out areas" as you approach the head.
134
Extinguish the ____ and cut of the ______ of the fire
flanks
advancing
135
What is the safety equipment for brush fires?
Nomex jumpsuits (Brush 4 or 5), work gloves, eye protection, and helmets.
136
What are natural fire breaks?
natural barriers such as canals, roads or large clearings .
137
when can backfiring be used?
SHALL not normally be used to control brush fires
SHALL only be attempted by experienced knowledgeable personnel and only with approval of IC.
