Spain and the Armada 1858-1604 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What was the outcome of the War with France in 1557?
Loss of Calais
Calais was a significant territorial loss for England.
What did the War with France and Scotland in 1547 result in?
Failure to get a marriage, capture of a small French city
The marriage was intended to solidify alliances but did not materialize.
What financial burden did the Wars with France and Scotland in the 1540s create?
£2.1 million in debt for nothing
This debt significantly impacted England’s finances.
What was a major diplomatic consequence of the Break from Rome in 1534?
Left England diplomatically isolated
This isolation affected England’s foreign relations significantly.
Who conducted many religious matters during Henry VIII’s reign?
Cromwell
Cromwell played a pivotal role in the English Reformation.
What was the significance of the Field of Cloth of Gold in 1520?
It was a major diplomatic event between England and France
This event symbolized the attempt to strengthen ties between the two nations.
What did Henry VIII sacrifice that was part of Henry VII’s legacy?
Important treaties such as the Treaties of Etaples
These treaties were crucial for maintaining peace and stability.
What was the result of the Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585?
7000 soldiers sent to Netherlands under Earl of Leicester
This was part of England’s intervention in the Dutch revolt.
What was the main issue with Medina-Sidonia’s command of the Armada?
Skilled land general but not effective at sea
His lack of naval experience contributed to the Armada’s failure.
When did the Spanish Armada leave La Coruna?
12th May 1588
The Armada faced immediate delays due to poor weather.
How were English ships superior to Spanish ships?
Smaller, more manoeuvrable, better artillery
English ships could fire 3-4 shots per hour compared to Spanish 1-2.
What forced the Spanish Armada out of the English Channel?
Joint English attack combined with poor weather and strong winds
This combination prevented the Armada from linking with Parma.
What was the Armada’s plan to escape the English Channel?
Sail north around the British Isles and return to Spain
This plan was ultimately unsuccessful.
What was one reason for the defeat of the Spanish Armada?
Flawed strategy and questionable leadership
The leadership of Duke of Medina Sidonia was a significant factor.
What was the fate of Hawkins and Drake?
Both died at sea due to an unsuccessful attack on Spanish Panama
Their deaths marked a significant loss for the English naval efforts.
What was the significance of the capture of Cadiz?
Humiliated Philip and prevented Spanish merchant ships from reaching the West Indies
This was a major blow to the Spanish economy.
What led to the successful recovery of land lost to the Duke of Parma?
Sir Francis Vere’s leadership and problems faced by the Spanish
The Spanish troops faced regular mutinies and were overcommitted elsewhere.
How was the cost of the campaign in the Netherlands made easier for the English?
The Dutch paid a share of the cost
This financial arrangement helped sustain the campaign.
What was the fate of the Northern and Southern Netherlands?
Northern Netherlands became independent; Southern Netherlands remained Spanish with more autonomy
This division reflected the ongoing religious and political struggles.
What were the results of the English ‘War at Sea’?
Great victory at Cadiz but overall stalemate
High winds and defensive strategies led to minimal gains.
What prompted fears of invasion in 1599?
False intelligence about a Spanish fleet
This led to increased defensive measures in England.
Fill in the blank: The Spanish Armada’s defeat was partly due to the _______.
[Protestant wind]
Was the English intervention in the Netherlands successful?
Yes, successfully reduced Spanish influence but they never fully left
The conflict continued to affect the region for years.
