Spatial Representation

Question 1

Which type of spatial representation is associated with the hippocampus?

Answer 1

Allocentric/Geocentric

It is vital for allocentric coding

Question 2

Which type of sptial representation is associated with the parietal cortex?

Answer 2

Egocentric

Question 3

Spatial maps that are relative to the body are..

Answer 3

Egocentric

Question 4

Spatial maps that are relative to room or environment axis

Answer 4

Allocentric

Question 5

Which type of spatial maps takes longer and is more difficult to compute

Answer 5

Egocentric

Question 6

Which part of the hippocampus was found to be larger in Taxi Drivers?

Answer 6

Posterior
The hippocampus was only activated while they were thinking about the route, not while they were actually driving/executing the route

Anterior = smaller

Question 7

Posterior hippocampus is associated with

Answer 7

spatial

Question 8

Which 3 types of cells are found in the hippocampal formation and create cognitive maps?

Answer 8

1) Place Cells (John O’Keefe)
2) Grid Cells (Hafting et at)
3) Head Direction Cells - Ranck 1984

Question 9

Input of the hippocampus

Answer 9

Entorhinal cortex

Question 10

What did the Morris Watermaze teach us?

Answer 10

Lesions to the hippocampus resulted in impaired allocentric spatial strategies to solve the mazes

Question 11

The Cells found in the Entorhinal cortex are:

Answer 11

Grid Cell

Question 12

The cells found in the Presubiculum + anterior Thalamus

Answer 12

Head-Direction Cells

Question 13

Cells found in the hippocampus

Answer 13

Place Cells

Question 14

The cells that allow animals to understand their position in space

Answer 14

Grid Cells

Question 15

Grid cells fire in an _ manner

Answer 15

Symmetrical

Question 16

The cells that fire when an animal occupies a specific location

Answer 16

Place Cells

Question 17

Head cells fire when…

Answer 17

the head is facing a specific direction. They provide a representation of space

Question 18

Place cells still work when you remove head-direction cells

Answer 18

false

Question 19

Head direct cells work without place cells

Answer 19

True!!

Question 20

How is there a direct connect between allocentric and egocentric spatial maps

Answer 20

Connections between Parietal lobe Hippocampus

Question 21

Which part of the parietal lobe codes the head

Answer 21

Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus

Question 22

Which part of the parietal lobe codes reach?

Answer 22

Medical Intraparietal Sulcus

Question 23

Which part of the parietal lobe codes Grasp?

Answer 23

Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus

Question 24

Which part of the parietal lobe codes the eye?

Answer 24

Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus

Question 25

What is distinct about the parietal lobe?

Answer 25

distinct neurons form egocentric frames of reference

Question 26

The name of the disorders when the parietal lobe cannot make a spatial map?

Answer 26

Optic Ataxia

Question 27

Egocentric spatial maps help us...

Answer 27

understand the location of an object in relation to our body - sensorimotor integration e.g. putting a letter in a box or pouring a glass of liquid

Question 28

Hemispatial neglect is caused by...

Answer 28

parietal lobe damage to the contralateral side

Question 29

Piazza Del Duomo Study proved... Bisiach and Luzzati 1978

Answer 29

Not a visual defect but spatial defect Memory of complete layout was still present BUT retrieval was neglected ==>Due to damage to the parietal cortex not egocentric map was formed

Question 30

Which spatial cells develop first?

Answer 30

Head cells

Question 31

Cells that develop suddently in an older stage of development

Answer 31

Grid cells | P21 - in rats

Question 32

Which cells appear early but develop gradully?

Answer 32

Place cells | Adult like place cells are found in very young

Question 33

What impacted the development of place cells in rats?

Answer 33

Boundary Vector Cells And Grid Cells

Question 34

Boundary cells

Answer 34

Develop early Found in the subiclum + entorhinal cortex Impact the development of place cells - Boundary cells may provide the input that drives and stabilises early place fields

Question 35

How do boundary cells impact place cell development?

Answer 35

Provide input for early development and stablise early place maps Physical boundaries helped develop place cells

Question 36

How do grid cells impact place cells development?

Answer 36

Stabilise place maps in locations away from boundaries -->The abrupt emergence of grid cells coincides with the shift from boundary to centre coding in CA1

Question 37

Which type of spatial processing develops first:

Answer 37

Allocentric Process ==> 3 years old Develops first Consistent with early neuronal representations

Question 38

Intrinsic spatial processing

Answer 38

develops at 6 years old

Question 39

Cross-cultural studies have shown that _ has an impact on the type of spatial processing we use

Answer 39

Language Dutch = egocentric Namibia and apes = allocentric -->This is our ‘default’ model of operation