Specials

Question 1

Tumor most likely to hemorrhage?

Answer 1

adenomas

Question 2

Lipomas are associated with what artifact?

Answer 2

propagation speed

Question 3

What forms the ampulla of Vater?

Answer 3

duct of Wirsung and CBD

Question 4

What is another name for the coronary artery?

Answer 4

gastric artery

Question 5

Cholesterolisis vs adenomyomatosis

Answer 5

Cholesterolisis

• lipid deposits in GB wall that appear as polyps
• “strawberry GB)

Adenomyomatosis

• hyperplastic changes in the GB wall, causing overgrowth of the mucosa, wall thickening, and diverticula formation (RAS or Rokitansky-ASchoff sinuses) containing stones
• hyperechoic foci within thickened GB wall, comet-tail reverberation artifact

Question 6

QL muscle is immediately _______ to the kidneys.

Answer 6

posterior

Question 7

RT diaphragmatic crus is posterior to the ____ and ____ ______ ______.

Answer 7

IVC, RT renal arteries

Question 8

Metastisis from breast, lung, lymphoma tend to be _________.

Answer 8

hypoechoic

Question 9

What is the ligamentum teres?

Answer 9

remnant of the umbilical vein which runs fro the umbilicus to the LPV

Question 10

Lt gastric vein is also known as the ______ _____.

Answer 10

coronary vein

• normally empties flow from the esophageal veins into the splenic vein
• can become dilated with portal HTN
• flow direction may become reversed and form dangerous esophageal varices

Question 11

Lab that correlates with bone cancer?

Answer 11

alk phos

Question 12

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

Answer 12

Dense fibrous tissue that typically encapsulates the Ao, appears an a hypoechoic ML mass

Question 13

Greenfield filter

Answer 13

Most common IVC filter, used to prevent the asecent of lower extremity vein thrombosis
-proper location is inferior to the renal veins

Question 14

Incisional hernias

Answer 14

result of post operative weakening of the abdominal wall

Question 15

What can mimic the parathyroid?

Answer 15

minor neurovascular bundle can be mistaken for enlarged parathyroid

Question 16

What is the bundle of nerves near the thyroid and what is a useful landmark?

Answer 16

minor neurovascular bundle

• compossed of recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior thyroid vessels
• vague hypoechoic area between longus coli muscle and thyroid gland

Question 17

Most common adrenal mass in newborns?

Answer 17

Adrenal hemorrhage

Question 18

Intussusception

Answer 18

• telescoping, folding of bowel upon itself
• 90% ileocoic (ileum invaginates into proximal colon)
• ages 4 - 6 months
• SAG (pseudo-kidney)
• TRV (target sign)

Question 19

What is a cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 19

chronic renal failure
-inability for kidneys to filter results in increased amouns of serum phophates
-

Question 20

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

Answer 20

Dense fibrous tissue that typically encapsulates/envelopes the Ao (paravertebral area),

• appears an a hypoechoic ML mass
• aka Ormond’s Disease or inflammatory aneurysm

Question 21

Bowel/gastrointestional wall layers (name/order/echogenicity)

Answer 21

MMSMS

Mucosa - hyper
Muscularis Mucosa - hypo
Submucosa (thickest) - hyper
Muscularis Propria - hypo
Serosa - hyper

Question 22

Gland inferior to the mandible?

Answer 22

Submandibular gland

-secretes into the oral cavity through Wharton’s ducts

Question 23

What is the name of the ligament that keeps the spleen in place?

Answer 23

gastrosplenic (gastrolienal)?? or splenorenal lig??

suspended in the greater omentum

Question 24

What is the most reliable finding in patients with abscesses (2)

Answer 24

fever and increased WBC count

Question 25

What kind of artifact is typically found with an abscess?

Answer 25

reverberation (comet-tail) artifact

Question 26

What causes the reverberation (comet-tail) artifact in abscesses?

Answer 26

gas

Question 27

Describe the typical sonographic appearance of an absecss.

Answer 27

complex mass (solid and cystic) debris, septations, and gas may be seen posterior enhancement depending on the cystic component

Question 28

In the absence of gas within a collection, differentiation of abscess from a ________ is by percutaneous aspiration.

Answer 28

hematoma

Question 29

What are bilomas commonly associated with?

Answer 29

abdominal trauma, GB disease, biliary surgery*

Question 30

_____ are extrahepatic collections of extravasated bile predominantly located in the RUQ.

Answer 30

Bilomas

Question 31

Describe the sonographic appearance of a biloma.

Answer 31

Predominantly cystic

Question 32

Lymphoceles are complications of (4)

Answer 32

renal transplantation gynecological surgery vascular surgery urological surgery

Question 33

What are lymphoceles commonly caused by (2)?

Answer 33

leakage of a renal allograft | surgical disruption of the lymphatic channels

Question 34

What the DDx for a lymphocele?

Answer 34

any fluid collection - loculated ascites, urinoma, hematoma, abscess

Question 35

If internal echoes are found within a fluid collection, it is more consistent with a _______ or ______ than with a lymphocele.

Answer 35

abscess or hematoma

Question 36

What are potential causes of urinomas?

Answer 36

renal trauma renal surgery obstructing lesion

Question 37

What tend to be the most common casues of urinomas?

Answer 37

renal transplantation | posterior urethral valave obstruction

Question 38

What is a urinoma?

Answer 38

A collection of urine located outside of the kidney, bladder, urinary tract

Question 39

A urinoma found directly after a renal transplant is likely due to what?

Answer 39

an anastomotic leak of the ureter

Question 40

The sonographic apperance of a urinoma is similar to a _______.

Answer 40

lymphocele

Question 41

______ is the excessive accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

Answer 41

ascites

Question 42

Two mechanisms that produce ascites.

Answer 42

low serum osmotic pressure (protein loss) | high portal venous pressure

Question 43

Where is ascites commonly found?

Answer 43

inferior aspect of the right lobe of liver Morison's pouch pelvic cul de sac paracolic gutters

Question 44

Low protein

Answer 44

hypoalbuminemia

Question 45

Hypoalbuminema can be the result of (3)

Answer 45

liver failure nephrotic syndrome malnutrition

Question 46

________ _________ is a malignancy characterized by the progressive accumulation of mucus-secreting tumor cells within the peritoneum and is most commonly associated with appenidx cancer.

Answer 46

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

Question 47

Sonographic appearance of pseudomyxoma peritonei?

Answer 47

bowel loops matted to the posterior abdominal wall