specific response

Question 1

recognition phase

Answer 1

when looking at an antigen and determining whether or not it is self or non-self (foreign)

Question 2

surveillance is defined as??

Answer 2

the constant lookout for non-self antigen

Question 3

when the immune system has memory of reacting against something what happens to the reaction speed when it encounters that same antigen?

Answer 3

it will react faster the next time

Question 4

CMI involves a response to what kind of situations?

Answer 4

tumors, viruses, intracellular pathogens

Question 5

Humoral involves a response to what kind of situations?

Answer 5

bacteria, toxins, extracellular antigens

Question 6

both responses involve which cells?

Answer 6

Macrophages and helper T cells

Question 7

humoral involves what kind of cells?

Answer 7

MAC, helper T cells, B cells, Plasma cells, and antibodies

Question 8

CMI involves what cells?

Answer 8

MAC, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, cytotoxic lymphokines

Question 9

what are cytokines?

Answer 9

chemical signals produced by macrophages and lymphocytes and allow for communication between cells

Question 10

generic category for chemicals produced by macrophages?

Answer 10

cytokine

Question 11

what is a monokine?

Answer 11

specific category chemicals produced by macrophages

Question 12

lymphokine

Answer 12

specifice category produced by a lymphocyte

Question 13

basic sequence for CMI response

Answer 13

AG + MAC –> Helper T cell –> Cytotoxic T cells –> Lymphokines –> Memory cells

Question 14

basic sequence for humoral response?

Answer 14

AG + MAC –> Helper T cell –> B cell –> Plasma cells –> Antibodies –> Memory cells

Question 15

macrophages phagocytize what?

Answer 15

the antigen

Question 16

macrophage breaks down the anitgen into?

Answer 16

epitope

Question 17

processing is when?

Answer 17

the epitope is attached to MHC class 1 or 2

Question 18

processed antigen is physically presented to ?

Answer 18

helper T cell (self)

Question 19

IL1 is responsible for what?

Answer 19

activate the helper T cell

Question 20

IL1 is produced by?

Answer 20

macrophages

Question 21

cell to cell contact between the macrophage and the helper T happens through?

Answer 21

T cell receptor

Question 22

which cell will recognize which response is needed?

Answer 22

helper T cells

Question 23

cell to cell contact and chemical stimulation of the helper T cells and cytotoxic cells will cause what to happen?

Answer 23

activated cytotoxic t cells –> cytotoxic cell division

Question 24

cell to cell contact happens by what means?

Answer 24

T cell receptors and the release of IL2 by helper T cells

Question 25

what happens when the cytotoxic T cells are activated?

Answer 25

start to divide, produce more memory cells, cytotoxic cells begin to act,

Question 26

what happens to the memory cells once made by the cytotoxic T cells?

Answer 26

they are stored until the anitgen is encoutered again

Question 27

activated cytotoxic T cells will generate what?

Answer 27

lymphokines

Question 28

what do lymphokines do?

Answer 28

they will kill any cell possessing the antigen that started off the process

Question 29

what are lymphokines produced as?

Answer 29

granzymes

Question 30

granzymes means what?

Answer 30

the lymphokines are packaged and released to NEARBY specific site

Question 31

processed antigen moves where before being presented to the helper T cell?

Answer 31

plasma membrane

Question 32

in a humoral response what the helper T cell is stimulated it will release?

Answer 32

B cell

Question 33

how is the B cell activated?

Answer 33

T cell receptor touches IgD on the B cell and helper T cell released IL2

Question 34

what happens once the B cells are activated?

Answer 34

start to divivde to produce clone plasma cells, will also produce memory cells

Question 35

what do the memory cells turn into when in a humoral response when activated?

Answer 35

plasma cells

Question 36

which cells of the humoral response produce antibodies that will react with anything carrying the antigen that started the process?

Answer 36

plasma cells

Question 37

which Ig is made by the plasma cells in the humoral response?

Answer 37

IgM

Question 38

primary response is when?

Answer 38

the first time the response occurs

Question 39

the secondary response is?

Answer 39

what occurs every other time the same antigen is encountered | - memory part

Question 40

primary response lag time?

Answer 40

7-10 days

Question 41

primary repsonse duration?

Answer 41

3-4 weeks

Question 42

primary response strength

Answer 42

moderate levels of antibodies

Question 43

primary response class of antibody?

Answer 43

typically IgM

Question 44

secondary response (anamnestic) lag time?

Answer 44

1-2 days

Question 45

secondary response (anamnestic) duration?

Answer 45

months to years

Question 46

secondary response (anamnestic) strength

Answer 46

high levels of antibodies

Question 47

secondary response (anamnestic) class of antibody?

Answer 47

IgG