Spinal Anatomy Flashcards by James Johnson

Foramen Ovale becomes

Fossa Ovalis

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Ductus Arteriosus becomes

Ligamentum Arteriosum (bypasses the lung pulmonary trunk

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Ductus Venosus becomes

Ligamentum Venosum (bypasses sinusoids of fetal liver)

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Umbilical vein becomes

Ligamentum teres (round ligament)

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Umbilical artery beomes

medial umbilical ligament

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Ectoderm gives rise to all neurons and supporting cells

The neural plate forms the neural groove and houses the _______ _______and brain vesicles

Spinal cord and brain vesicles

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Sclerotome —>

Vertebral column (cartilage and bone)

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Neural CREST develops into / Neural PLATE develops into

“Don’t be a MOANER, learn your neural plate”

Macroglial cells
Oligodendrocytes  (type of macroglial)
Astrocytes (type of macroglial)
Neurons (from CNS)
Ependymal Cells
Retinal Cells

The rest are Neural Crest, if not on this short list

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The endoderm forms the lining of the ______ tube and its associated structures

digestive tube

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The Urachus is a remnant of the duct of

allantois

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Ventricels are a direct extension of the

Spinal Cord

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Branchial Arch aka

Pharyngeal Arch

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Mandibular branch of trigeminal is which Pharyngeal arches?

The skeletal structures involved ______, ________

Muscles Involved

“Mmm’s”

1st

Malleolus (Meckel’s cartilage )
Incus (Quadrate cartilage)

Muscles of Mastication and jaw closing muscles

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Facial Nerve --> Pharyngeal Arch  \_\_\_\_\_
Skeletal Structures (2)

Muscles

2nd

Stapes, Styloid

Facial muscles of expression , jaw opening muscles, stylohyoid, and stapedious (which is smallest muscles in the body)

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Glossopharyngeal —> Pharyngeal Arch ______

Skeletal Structure (2)

Muscle (1)

3rd

Cornu and Hyoid

Stylopharyngeus

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Superior Laryngeal of Vagus —> Pharyngeal Arch ______

Skeletal Structures (2)

Muscles (3)

4th

Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage

Pharyngeal, cricothyroid, and levator palantine muscles

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Inferior Laryngeal of Vagus —> Pharyngeal Arch ______
(Recurrent Branch)

Skeletal Structures (3)

Muscle

6th

Arytenoid
Corniculate Cartilage
Cuneiform cartilage

Laryngeal

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C1 has no dermatome EVALUATION
C2 back of _______
C3 ______ of neck

C2 back of scalp

C3 nape of neck

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The most numerous cell of the CNS, acts like connective tissue, part of Blood brian barrier, and forms scar like tissue post injury

Astrocytes

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Oligodendrocytes form

myelin and are th 2nd most numerous

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Ependymal cells line the _____ and are ciliated

Also produce _____

CNS

CSF

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Gitterzellen is an aka for

microglia cell, which are phagocytes (macrophage)

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Types of neurons within the CNS that serve as connectors between two hemispheres

Commissural

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Types of neurons within the CNS that serve as connectors within the same hemisphere but different parts

Association

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_______ connects lower centers to the cerebral cortex

Projection

The lateral ventricels are separated by the

Septum pellucidum

TEL DI MES MET MY Cranial Nerve Association ``` TEL DI MES MET MY ```

1 Tel 2 Di 3,4 Mes 5,6,7,8 Met (4th ventricle) 9,10,11,12 My (4th ventricle)

Mesencephalon (Primary)--> Mesencephalon (2ndary)-->

Midbrain (Cerbral Aqueduct of Sylvius)

Prosencephalon (Primary) ---> ___ ___ (Secondary) --> (Structures) _________

Tel (Forebrain) | Di (Anything with thalamus in it and mamillary bodies, retina, and pineal gland)

* Rhombencephalon --> Metencephalon--> Cerebellum and __________

PONS

* Most Common location of cerebral vascular accident

Middle Cerebal Artery

Anteromedial longitudinal artery trunk (AMLAT) is an aka for ------ and sends 200 branches into the ventral aspect of the spinal cord

Anterior spinal artery

* Telencephalon include caudate, putamen, globus pallidus and _______ ganglia

Basal ganglia

Mesecephalpon nuclei include subthalamic and

substantia nigra

review circle of willis

* The corpus striatum (striate body) ---> head of caudate and ______

putamen

* The basal ganglia includes the corpus striatum, amygdaloid nucleus and

Claustrum

Atrophy or damage to the basal ganglia can produce

Chorea

Parkinsonism is due to neuronal degeneration of the

substantia nigra

MC cell in cerebellum

Purkinje

Cerebellar Nuclei from medial to lateral and small to large | Flowers Grow Every Day

Fastigial Globus Emboliform Dentate

The main pathway between the thalamus and cortex is through

internal capsule ann corona radiata

CSF in ventricle is approx

25ml

Origin of the adrenal medulla

neural crest

Schwann cells myelinate

the PNS

Oligodendrocytes cells myelinate

the CNS

The joint between the proximal radial/ulna is the

pivot joint aka Trochoid

Which of the following ligaments prevent flexion and extension

IVD

Which of the following is the inferior boundary of the IVF

superior notch of vertebrae below and/or pedicle

Which of the following muscles causes abduction of the eye?

Lateral rectus

Which of the following is NOT part of the occipital triangle

Rectus Capitis MINOR

Which of the following nuclei is associated w/ taste

superior salvitory

CN IV exits through the

SOF

The radial nerve branch is from which of the following cords

Posterior

Which of the following empties the great vein of Galen

Straight Sinus

What is the connection of the 3rd and 4th ventricles

superior aqueduct of sylvius

What vertebral level would typically mark the end of the spinal cord

L1 or L2

Which cord in the brachial plexus controls the extensors of the arm

Posterior

Which of the following structures (muscle, nerve) pierces the parotid gland:

buccinator and CN IX

Thenar atrophy is primarily due to what

Median nerve

Parkinson’s disease affects what tract?

extrapyramidal tract

Anterior displacement of L5 vertebra on sacrum without breakage is called

Spondylolisthesis

Which of the following nerves innervates the outer ear pinna

Greater Auricular

The carotid sinus is innervated by

Vagus

Sympathetics do not effect ______ motility

gastric

Which of the following ligaments connects the tip of the dens to the rim of the occiput

Apical ligament

Which of the following nerves affects pure flexion of the thumb

Median | Thumb "RUM" (Radial-Extension, Ulnar-Abducton, Median-Flexion

What primordial myotome is associated with extension of knee

The foramen of exit for CN1 is

Cribiform Plate

The ligament restricts the dens from moving posterior during flexion

Transverse

Inferior facets of the lumbar vertebra oriented in which plane

Sagittal

Which of the following cells line the blood brain barrier

Ependymal

Where are the cell bodies of the cochlear nerve located

spiral ganglion

Which area of the intervertebral disk is weakest

Posteriorolateral

Vertebral column is derived from

sclerotome

The tentorium cerebelli separates

the cerebral hemisphere and cerebellum

The ear ossicles transmit vibratory motion of the eardrum to the

the oval window

What is a medial rotator aka internal rotation of the arm

subscapularis

Which would you find in the TMJ

articular disk

Avascular component of the eye

Cornea

Hearing Acronym SLIM

Superior Olivatory Lateral Inferior Colliculus Medial Geniculate body of Thalamus

Spinal Anatomy Flashcards

(81 cards)