Spinal Cord General Topography And Internal Structure Flashcards by Haya Abu Shaban

Spinal cord begins

And extends

superiorly at foramen magnum

caudally in the vertebral canal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Spinal cord is

Elongated, approximately cylindirical part of CNS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Spinal cord terminates

inferiorly between L1 – 2 (adult)

Terminates at the upper border of L3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Spinal cord is longer in

males than females about 45cm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Enlargements

• Cervical (C3–T2 segments)
Spinal nn. forming the brachial plexus

• Lumbosacral (L1–S3 segments)
Spinal nn. forming the lumbosacral plexus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

plexus

Network of nerves or vessels in the body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Enlargements of spinal cord

are in in segments like c8 is caused by

intumescentia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A spinal cord has …. segment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A spinal cord segment is

Region of spinal cord associated with the emergence of a pair of nn
It Provides the attachment of the rootlets of a pair of spinal nn

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Each spinal nerve is connected to the spinal cord by

posterior and anterior roots :
• The posterior root contains the processes of sensory neurons carryin information to the CNS

• The anterior root contains motor nerve fibers, which carry signals away from the CNS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the cell bodies of the sensory neurons are

clustered in a spinal ganglion at the distal end of the posterior root, usually in the intervertebral foramen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the cell bodies of the primary motor neurons are

in anterior regions of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

31 pairs spinal nerves

 8 pairs in cervical region
 12 pairs in thoracic region 
 5 pairs in lumbar region
 5 pairs in sacral region
 1 pair in coccygeal region

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Spinal nerve is divided into

Dorsal ramus

Ventral ramus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Epineurium (surface of ganglion)

external connective-tissue sheath of a nerve trunk.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Major somatic plexuses formed from the anterior rami of spinal nerves are:

CERVICAL (C1 to C4), 
BRACHIAL (C5 to T1), 
LUMBAR (L1 to L4), 
SACRAL (L4 to S4),
COCCYGEAL (S5 to Co) plexuses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Except for spinal nerve T1, the anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves

remain independent and do not participate in plexuses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Conus medullaris

Spinal cord narrowing beginning from the inferior limit of lumbosacral enlargement
termination of spinal cord

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Meninges of spinal cord are Continuation of

meninges of brain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Meninges

3 membranes that line the skull and vertebral canal

Dura mater spinalis
Arachnoidea mater spinalis
Pia mater spinalis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dura mater and arachnoidea mater terminates (closes) at

Pia mater terminates (closes) at

S2 level

inferior limit of spinal cord

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Denticulate ligament

Two flattened bands of piamater
that attach to the spinal duramater comprising 21 pairs of tooth-shaped extensions Anchores spinal cord to vertebral canal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Filum terminale

filament of connective tissue (about 20 cm) descends from apex of conus medullaris beginning from After the closure of pia mater.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Filum terminale internum:

upper 15 cm, surrounded by extensions of dural and arachnoid meninges, reaches caudal border of S2 vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Filum terminale externum (lig. coccygeum)

Final 5 cm, fuses with investing dura mater, descends to dorsum of 1st coccygeal vertebral segment

External features of spinal cord

* Anterior median fissure * Posterior median sulcus * Anterolateral sulcus * Posterolateral sulcus * Posterior intermediate septum

Posterior root; enters spinal cord from

posterolateral sulcus, brings sensory information from periphery

Anterior root; leaves spinal cord from

anterolateral sulcus

• Fila radicularia (rootlets);

the fibres forming the anterior and posterior roots

Spinal nerve: Formed in .... and are ..... pairs

intervertebral foramen 31 pairs

Spinal nerves contain what fibers

GSE, GSA, GVE, GVA fibres

The first cervical nerve (C1) location

atlas – occipital bone

The first cervical nerve (C1) is called

suboccipital n.

C2 to C7 emerge from the.....

vertebral canal above their respective vertebrae

C8 emerges between

vertebrae CVII and TI

All remaining spinal nerves, beginning with T1 , emerge from

vertebral canal below their respective vertebrae

Each spinal n. leaves the vertebral canal from

intervertebral foramen of its corresponding vertebra

Spinal cord is ...... than vertebral column

shorter

More caudal spinal roots descend for varying | distances around and beyond the cord to

reach | their corresponding foramina

Cauda equina

Bundle of spinal nerves or rootlets fluctuating in cerebrospinal fluid at the level of lumbar cistern

spinal cord fills the whole vertebral canal until

3rd month of fetal life

DERMATOMES

area of skin which is innervated by a single dorsal root of the spinal nerve

This is why the term dermatome refers to the

segmental innervation of the skin

MYOTOMES | Mytome

The muscles served by a spinal nerve root. a set of muscles innervated by a specific spinal nerve

Gray matter contains

Neurons and neurites,neuroglia, blood vessels

White matter

Nerve fibres (mostly myelinated axons), neuroglia, blood vessels

Posterior funiculus Lateral funiculus Anterior funiculus

Between the posterior columns Between posterior and anterior columns Between anterior columns

In the middle of the H shaped structure there is two.... and in the middle of them a ........

nucleus | Central canal

a small lateral horn could be observed in intermediate zone in...

In thoracic and upper lumbar regions | T1 – L3 (L2

Gray commissure

Above and under and around the central canal | The - of the H

Lateral horn is also known as

Intermediate column

Gray matter contains

``` Anterior horn Posterior horn Intermediate zone (Lateral horn in between (T1 – L3 (L2) • Central canal (CSF)(BOS) • Anterior gray commissure • Posterior gray commissure ```

White matter contains

Anterior funiculus Posterior funiculus Lateral funiculus

Gray Mater is composed of

cell bodies

There is a Visceral and somatic part in each the motor and sensory part Location

Visceral sensation and visceral motor are in the middle of the grey are but the somatic are anterior and posterior

The Rexed laminae comprise a system of depending upon

ten layers of gray matter dimension, shape, cellular characteristics, density of neurons

Cell groups in POSTERİOR HORN

``` (Post) Marginal nucleus (I) Substantia gelatinosa (II) Nucleus proprius (III and IV) V Vl ```

Functions of Substantia gelatinosa (II)

Receive afferent fibers concerned with pain, temperature, light touch and pressure

Functions of Nucleus proprius | III and IV

Proprioception, discrimination and vibrasyon

Functions of V lamina

Pain and temperature from viscera

Functions of VI lamina

Proprioceptive senses Limb reflexes

Post marginal nucleus is which lamina

Substantia gelatinosa is which lamina

Nucleus proprius is which lamina

III & IV

Cell groups in intermediate zone

Clarke’s column Intermediomedial nucleus Intermediolateral nucleus

Clarkes column is what abbreviation, spinal cord segments and what lamina

DNC C8 – L2,4 VII

Clarke’s column functions

* Unconscious proprioception from muscle spindles of Golgi tendon organ * The origin of posterior spinocerebellar tract

What is the origin of posterior spinocerebellar tract

Clarkes column

Intermediomedial nucleus is found in what spinal cord segments

S2-4

Intermediomedial nucleus functions

Preganglionic parasymphathetic Nerve Intermediate cells related with autonomic reflexes against somatic stimuli.

Intermediolateral nucleus is found in what segments of spinal cord

(T1-L2)

Intermediolateral nucleus function

Preganglionic sympathetic nerve cells

Lamina VIII functions

``` Cell bodies that are relayed stations for the subcortical tracts  Rubrospinal  Vestibulospinal  Reticulospinal  Tectospinal ```

Cell groups in ANTERIOR HORN are evaluated in three | groups as

as medial, central and lateral

Medial group of ANTERIOR HORN function

responsible from the innervation of skeletal muscles of neck, and trunk (including intercostal and abdomina muscles)

Central group of ANTERIOR HORN parts

Phrenic nucleus Accessory nucleus Lumbosacral nucleus

Functions of Phrenic nucleus

Innervates diaphragm(C3,4,5)

Accessory nucleus function

Innervates SCM and trapezius muscle

Accessory nucleus is in what spinal cord segment

(C1- C5,6)

Lumbosacral nucleus is in what spinal cord segment

L2 and down

Lateral group of ANTERIOR HORN is in what spinal cord segments

cervical (C5-T1) and lumbosacral (L2-S2) segments of the cord

Lateral group of anterior horn function

responsible for innervating the skeletal muscles of the limbs

Lamina X is where axons

cross over from one side of the spinal cord to the other

Neurons supplying flexor muscles are located .... to neurons for extensor muscles

Dorsal

Spinal Cord General Topography And Internal Structure Flashcards

(84 cards)