Biochem

Question 1

1. Which of the following substances are the most reliable diagnostically and accessible analytically for biochemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid?
A. Lactate
B. Glucose and protein
C. Immunoglobulin
D. Albumin
E. Myelin Basic Protein (MBP)

Answer 1

B. Glucose and protein

Question 2

2. Which one of the following conditions is not clinically informative in disorders of CSF and provides only confirmation of hyperglycemia?
   A. Disorder in carrier-mediated transport of glucose, e.g. TB meningitis, sarcoidosis
   B. Active metabolism of glucose by cells or organisms, e.g. acute purulent, amebic, and fungal meningitis
   C. Increased CSF [glucose]
   D. Increased metabolism of glucose by the CNS, e.g. CNS neoplasm
   E. Normal CSF [glucose], e.g. viral meningitis

Answer 2

C. Increased CSF [glucose]

Question 3

3. Which of the following statements is wrong related to CSF?
   A. CSF is formed in the choroid plexus
   B. It is essential for the physical protection of the CNS
   C. CSF turnover is rapid, exchanging totally about four times daily
   D. CSF proteins, mainly albumin, are derived about 20% from intrathecal synthesis E. CSF is formed by selective ultrafiltration and active secretion

Answer 3

D. CSF proteins, mainly albumin, are derived about 20% from intrathecal synthesis

Question 4

4. Which of the following diseases has normal protein content in cerebrospinal fluid?
A. Viral meningitis
B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
C. Bacterial meningitis
D. Tuberculous meningitis
E. Brain Tumor

Answer 4

A. Viral meningitis

Question 5

5. Which of the following statements is wrong for multiple sclerosis?
   A. It is a demyelinating disesase
   B. Ethanolamine plasmalogen is lost from white matter of the central nervous system
   C. Sphingolipids is lost from white matter of the central nervous system
   D. The CSF shows decreased phospholipid levels
   E.The CSF shows increased IgG levels

Answer 5

D. The CSF shows decreased phospholipid levels

Question 6

6. Which one of the followings is a correct statement related to vitamin A toxicity?
   A. Intracellular binding proteins have unlimited vitamin A binding capacity
   B. Increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure adversely affects the central nervous system functions
   C. Hepatomegaly is not exhibited
   D. Hypocalcemia develops
   E. Hypolipidemia occurs in liver

Answer 6

B. Increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure adversely affects the central nervous system functions

Question 7

7. Which substance is found in higher levels in CSF compared to blood? A. Chloride
B. Calcium
C. Potassium
D. Sodium
E. Magnesium

Answer 7

A. Chloride

Question 8

8. Which substance is found in lower levels in CSF compared to blood?
A. Calcium
B. Chloride
C. Magnesium
D. Sodium
E. Potassium

Answer 8

C. Magnesium

Question 9

9. Which of the following conditions is indicated by increased IgG and normal albumin levels in CSF?
A. acterial meningitis
B. Multiple sclerosis (MS)
C. Fungal meningitis
D. Viral infection
E. Brain Tumor

Answer 9

B. Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Question 10

10. Which of the following conditions does not compromise the blood–brain barrier, resulting in increased CSF protein?
    A. Multiple sclerosis
    B. Viral meningitis C. Encephalitis
    D. Increased intracranial pressure E. Hemorrhage

Answer 10

A. Multiple sclerosis

Question 11

11. Which one of the followings is a nonessential amino acid that acts as the primary neurotransmitter of many inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord and brainstem?
    A. Norepinephrine B. Acetylcholine C. Glycine
    D. Histidine
    E. Tryptophan

Answer 11

C. Glycine

Question 12

12. Which one of the followings does not reflect the major functions and/or utilization of cerebrospinal fluid as an evidence of the presence of disease?
    A. Physical support of neural structures
    B. Excretion and “sink” action
    C. Intracerebral transport
    D. Similar to a complete blood count, CSF analysis has high sensitivity and specificity E. Control of the chemical environment of the central nervous system

Answer 12

D. Similar to a complete blood count, CSF analysis has high sensitivity and specificity