spinal cord, spinal nerves autonomic nervous system

Question 1

three meninges

Answer 1

dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

Question 2

cauda equina

Answer 2

hangs down almost like a horses tail

Question 3

conus medullaris

Answer 3

spine forms a cone shape before the cauda equina

Question 4

point of white matter tracts

Answer 4

contain ascending sensory and motor descending tracts

Question 5

what grey matter carries sensory neurons in the spinal cord

Answer 5

posterior grey horns

Question 6

what grey matter carries somatic motor nuclei in the spinal cord

Answer 6

anterior grey horns

Question 7

what grey matter carries autonomic motor nuclei in the spinal cord

Answer 7

lateral grey horns

Question 8

Nissl body

Answer 8

nervous systems version of a smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

three layers of the nerve and where they are located

Answer 9

endoneurium-surrounds the axon
perineurium- covers a bundle of axons
epineurium- covered around an entire nerve

Question 10

how do spinal nerves leave the vertebrae

Answer 10

intervertebral foramen

Question 11

what does the posterior ramus supply

Answer 11

deep muscle and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk

Question 12

what does the anterior ramus supple

Answer 12

limbs and skin and muscles of the lateral and anterior trunk

Question 13

major plexus formed by the anterior rami

Answer 13

cervical
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal

Question 14

what are the roots for the cervical plexus,

Answer 14

C1,C2,C3,C4,C5

Question 15

what are the roots for the brachial plexus

Answer 15

C5,C6,C7,C8,T1,T2

Question 16

what are the roots of the lumbar plexus

Answer 16

L1,L2,L3,L4,L5

Question 17

what are the roots of the sacral plexus

Answer 17

L4,L5,S1,S2,S3,S4,S5

Question 18

what nerves do thoracic vertebrae form and where from

Answer 18

intercostal nerves T2-T11

Question 19

what is a dermatome

Answer 19

area of skin that is innovated by a single nerve root (spinal/cranial)

Question 20

function of grey matter

Answer 20

integration of incoming and outgoing information =reflex arch

Question 21

what is a reflex

Answer 21

fast involuntary, unplanned sequence of actions as a response to particular stimulus

Question 22

three subtypes of the autonomic nervous sytem

Answer 22

sympathetic
parasympathetic
enteric

Question 23

what are examples of actions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 23

cardiac muscles
smooth muscle
glands

Question 24

autonomic motor pathway

Answer 24

pre-ganglionic neuron exits the CNS via cranial or spinal nerves, it then travels into the autonomic ganglion before reaching the postganglionic nerve finally reaching the effector \
pre-ganglionic neuron->spinal/cranial nerve->autonomic ganglion->postganglionic nerve->effector

Question 25

where does the pre-ganglionic nerve come from

Answer 25

come off of the spinal nerve

Question 26

sympathetic trunk and where it innovated

Answer 26

ganglia which travels to the side of the vertebral cord and it innovated organs that lay above the the diaphragm

Question 27

prevertebral ganglia and where it innovated

Answer 27

anterior to the vertebral column and innovated organs bellow the diaphragm

Question 28

sympathetic division pathway

Answer 28

preganglionic neuron->anterior roots of the spinal nerves->white rami communicants->sympathetic trunk ganglion or continue to the prevertebral ganglion

Question 29

autonomic motor pathway

Answer 29

preganglionic neurons exit the CNS via the cranial nerve or anterior root of spinal nerve, then once it reaches the effector it then synapse with the postganglionic neurons

Question 30

autonomic plexus

Answer 30

wraps around organs and elicits change

Question 31

what is the responsibility for the enteric division

Answer 31

control the gastro-intestinal pathway completely independent to the central nervous system Eg sphincter muscles, peristalsis