digestive system

Question 1

function of the digestive system

Answer 1

ingestion
secretion
mixing and propulsion
digestion
absorption
defecation

Question 2

bolus

Answer 2

a soft, rounded mass of food that is swallowed

Question 3

chyme

Answer 3

the semifluid mixture of partly digested food and digestive secretions found in the stomach and small intestine

Question 4

feces/stool

Answer 4

material discharged from the rectum, made up of bacteria, excretions and food residue

Question 5

alimentary canal

Answer 5

a hollow tube which runs from mouth to anus

Question 6

four layers of the alimentary canal

Answer 6

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Question 7

where is serosa found in the Gi tract

Answer 7

everywhere but the oesophagus

Question 8

oral vestibule

Answer 8

lips, cheeks, teeth, gingiva

Question 9

oral cavity proper

Answer 9

teeth, gums, fauces

Question 10

epithelium of the mucus membrane

Answer 10

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 11

proper name for lips

Answer 11

labia

Question 12

structure of the tongue

Answer 12

2 symmetrical halves divided by the median sulcus

Question 13

muscles of the tongue and what they do

Answer 13

extrinsic-alter position of the tongue
intrinsic-changes shape and size of tongue

Question 14

types of papillae in the tongue

Answer 14

fungiform-along the margins
vallate-posterior surface
foliate-sides of the tongue
filiform- anterior 2/3

Question 15

what forms the joint and what type of joint which teeth make

Answer 15

periodontal ligament which forms a fibrous joint

Question 16

gingiva

Answer 16

gum

Question 17

3 regions of a tooth in descending order

Answer 17

crown
neck
root

Answer 18

enamel covers the top of the tooth

Question 19

mineralized substances of teeth and the mineral layers

Answer 19

enamel covers the top of the tooth
dentin which is the inside of a tooth
cementum covers the root

Question 20

what is found in the pulp cavity

Answer 20

where the nerves and blood vessels are found

Question 21

what are baby and adult teeth called and how many are there

Answer 21

deciduous (20) and permanent (32)

Question 22

types of teeth

Answer 22

incisors
canines
premolars
molars

Question 23

three major salivary glands in the mouth

Answer 23

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

Question 24

secretory part of salivary glands

Answer 24

acini binds sacs composed of secretory cells, produces secretions which drains to intercalated ducts then striated ducts and finally excretory ducts

Question 25

would for swallowing

Answer 25

deglutition

Question 26

three stages of swallowing

Answer 26

voluntary pharyngeal esophageal

Question 27

function of the small intestine

Answer 27

absorption

Question 28

parts of the small intestine

Answer 28

duodenum jejunum ileum

Question 29

structures of the small intestine and what they are

Answer 29

plicae circulares-folded mucosa and submucosa villi-finger like projections microvilli-projections on the plasma membrane

Question 30

how is blood removed from the small intestines

Answer 30

venous drainage through the superior mesenteric vein

Question 31

specialisation of each part of the small intestine

Question 32

large intestine function

Answer 32

absorption of water and inorganic ions to form fecal mass

Question 33

what are the bands in the wall of the large intestine called and purpose

Answer 33

forms teniae coli which then gets pulled into the haustra to control the flow

Question 34

greater and lesser omentum

Answer 34

both suspend the stomach and duodenum greater suspends the upper and lesser supports the lower

Question 35

four main parts of the stomach

Answer 35

cardia fundus body pylorus

Question 36

epithelium in the stomach

Answer 36

simple columnar epithelium

Question 37

what is gastric juices

Answer 37

secretions from the mucous neck cells, chief cells and parietal cells

Question 38

what movement does the stomach make

Answer 38

peristaltic movements

Question 39

what is the fundus

Answer 39

storage area of the stomach

Question 40

movement of the food out of the stomach

Answer 40

peristaltic wave moves contents into the pyloric antrum pyloric sphincter slightly opens to allow small food through if too big it stays in the stomach longer

Question 41

where does the stomach get its blood from

Answer 41

celiac trunk

Question 42

inner surface thrown into numerous longitudinal folds

Answer 42

rugae

Question 43

pancreas produces

Answer 43

acinar cells

Question 44

function of the liver

Answer 44

metabolism detoxification bile storage phagocytosis vitamin D activation

Question 45

two surfaces of the liver

Answer 45

diaphragmatic and visceral surface

Question 46

livers blood supply comes from

Answer 46

hepatic portal vein, deoxygenated blood from the intestines bring nutrients proper hepatic artery which brings blood straight from the heart

Question 47

what are liver lobules and where does both types of blood mix

Answer 47

functional unit of the liver in the hepatic sinusoids

Question 48

how and where is bile produced and stored

Answer 48

bile is produced in the hepatocytes in the liver it is then collected in the bile canaliculi, used or stored in the gall bladder

Question 49

function of the gall bladder and its parts

Answer 49

stores bile parts-fundus, body, neck