spine

Question 1

purpose of the curves

Answer 1

absorb shock

keep us over our BOS

decreased shock in spine

Question 2

primary curvatures

Answer 2

thoracic kyphosis

sacral kyphosis

Question 3

at first what is our spine in

Answer 3

flexion

c-shape

Question 4

secondary curvatures

Answer 4

cervical lordosis

lumbar lordosis

Question 5

cervical lordosis

Answer 5

3 month as we lift our head

Question 6

lumbar lordosis

Answer 6

10 months to 1 yrs old

as we stand upright

Question 7

the vertebral body discs have a good blood supply

true or false

Answer 7

FALSE

hemopoiesis

Question 8

hemopoiesis

Answer 8

make blood and diffuse it into discs

Question 9

role of annulus fibrosis

Answer 9

contain the nucleus and resist tensile forces

Question 10

vertebral motion dynamics

Answer 10

amount of motion depends on size of the discs in relation to the vertebral body

direction of motion depends on facet joint orientation

Question 11

greatest disc to body ratio

Answer 11

cervical spine

Question 12

smallest disc to body ratio

Answer 12

t spine

d/t ribs with costal facets and long spinous processes limiting

Question 13

ligamentum flavum

Answer 13

runs from lamina to lamina

prevents capsule from getting pinched

protects anterior medial facet joints

—>prevents flexion

Question 14

what limits flexion

Answer 14

supraspinous

interspinous

ligamentum flavum

PLL

Question 15

what limits extension

Answer 15

anterior longitudinal ligament

anterior annulus fibrosis

Question 16

Fryette’s first law

Answer 16

in neutral (no flexion or extension)

side bending and rotation are OPPOSITE

Question 17

example of fryette’s first law (SB to R)

Answer 17

side bending to the right

rotation to the left

Question 18

fryette’s second law

Answer 18

full flexion or extension

side bending and rotation to the SAME side

Question 19

example of fryette’s 2nd law (SB to L)

Answer 19

side bending to the left

rotate to the left

Question 20

arthrokinematics upper cervical

Answer 20

C1 on C2

convex occiput on convex atlas

Question 21

arthrokinematics OA (atlanto-occipital)

Answer 21

convex occipital condyles on concave atlas

Question 22

arthrokinematics AA (atlanto-axial)

Answer 22

50% of 90 degrees of cervical rotation

Question 23

what type of fryette’s occurs at an upper cervical or OA joint

Answer 23

first law (type 1)

couple opposite

if we side tilt –> we get rotation in the opposite direction

Question 24

what type of fryette’s occurs at the mid and lower cervical spine

Answer 24

type 2 (second law)

if we side tilt –> we get rotation to the same side

Question 25

presentation of cervical vertebrae

Answer 25

short bifid spinous process body has uncinate processes (saddle joint) / joints of luschka transverse foramen greater mobility allowed

Question 26

presentation of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 26

long spinous process body has costal facets

Question 27

do atlas and axis have a disc

Answer 27

no

Question 28

c1 atlas has no...

Answer 28

body dens is there in place

Question 29

most impinged ligament of atlas and axis

Answer 29

transverse ligament

Question 30

disc to body ration

Answer 30

larger the ratio, the more motion

Question 31

which spine has the greatest disc to body ratio

Answer 31

c-spine

Question 32

other structures that dictate the motion of the spine

Answer 32

orientation of the facets --> in the L-spine --------> rotation is limited d/t orientation -------------> leads to greater flexion and extension

Question 33

flexion and side bending in the L-spine, where do the facets go?

Answer 33

in flexed or extended position ---> motions are coupled so facets move in the same direction type 2 mechanics in neutral --> rotation in the opposite direction (Type 1)

Question 34

ipsilateral SB and contralateral rotation of the neck

Answer 34

sternocleidomastoid

Question 35

what nerve gets entrapped in the semispinalis group

Answer 35

greater occipital

Question 36

function of longus coli

Answer 36

stabilizes lordotic curve

Question 37

2 muscles that work together too stabilize the upper head and neck

Answer 37

longus capitis and coli work in synergy w/ upper traps to stabilize head and neck so traps can upwardly rotate the scap

Question 38

posteriorly, what muscles in C-spine pull backwards to keep us from shearing forward

Answer 38

levator and scalenes

Question 39

pt reached up to paint the ceiling, and went into extension of T-spine, what would the ribs do

Answer 39

external torsion

Question 40

pt bend over to tie shoe, and went into flexion of T-spine, what would the ribs do

Answer 40

internal torsion

Question 41

what rib does T8 move

Answer 41

rib 9 vertebrae moves rib below

Question 42

thoracic spine

Answer 42

less motion more stable costal facets thinner discs wedge shaped longer spinous processes ribs attach here

Question 43

lumbar spine

Answer 43

facet joints in sagittal plane GOOD w/ flexion and extension poor rotation

Question 44

lumbosacral junction

Answer 44

facets go back to frontal plane decrease anterior shearing forces

Question 45

SF later erector spinae

Answer 45

longer MA therefore more movement

Question 46

what can the psoas do to a single level in the lumbar spine

Answer 46

hip/lumbar flexion

Question 47

T or F the pubic symphysis is the axis upon which the innominates rotate

Answer 47

true

Question 48

lumbar spine extension--> what does the sacrum do

Answer 48

nutation

Question 49

rotation in the lumbar spine

Answer 49

muscles do both rotation and side bending external obliques --> contralateral rotation internal obliques --> ipsilateral rotation obliques together --> flex and rotate

Question 50

rotation when sitting

Answer 50

must utilize muscles that extend and rotate usually multifidus but can be psoas too multifidus --> extension and contralateral rotation of spine psoas creates anterior shear of spine if not checked

Question 51

importance of lumbo-sacral angle

Answer 51

inclination angle b/w l-spine and sacrum L5 can shear forward so L4 and L5 must provide extra stabilization --> L5 inferior articular facets - oriented frontal and sit on sacrum preventing shearing --> multifidus --> iliolumbar ligament

Question 52

cause of posterior pelvic tilt?

Answer 52

abdominals pulling on pubis, glutes and hamstrings pull on ischial tub

Question 53

cause of anterior pelvic tilt

Answer 53

iliacus psoas TFL Sartorius

Question 54

flexion L-spine what does the sacrum do

Answer 54

extend counternutation

Question 55

what axis does sacrum rotate on during rotation

Answer 55

oblique

Question 56

what is oblique axis named by

Answer 56

base it starts at but other base will be the free base to move

Question 57

single leg stance mechanics

Answer 57

quadratus lumborum glute med and min adductor contribution

Question 58

function of piriformis

Answer 58

sacrum stabilizer