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Kines exam 3 > respiration intro > Flashcards

respiration intro Flashcards

1
Q

the thorax is

A

the upper part of the trunk

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2
Q

what is enclosed w/in the rib cage

A

thoracic cavity

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3
Q

what dose the thoracic cavity enclose

A

mediastinum and lungs

lungs –> respiration

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4
Q

respiration

A

the process of inspiration and expiration is a complex series of events dependent on the structure and fxn of the thorax and chest wall

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5
Q

rib cage

A

a resilient, expandable skeletal frame

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6
Q

what is the ribcage constructed of

A

sternum

ribs

costal cartilage

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7
Q

how is the ribcage supported

A

vertebral column

forms the posterior wall of the thoracic cavity

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8
Q

purpose of the ribcage

A

protect the vital organs of the anterior and lateral thorax from trauma

help stiffen and straighten the thoracic spine in 3 ways

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9
Q

3 ways the thoracic spine helps stiffen and straighten the thoracic spine

A

via the costovertebral joint

increases inertia

provides added strength and energy absorption during trauma

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10
Q

via the costovertebral joint –> ribcage

A

attaching their ribs and their sternal connections to the vertebrae

they stiffen the thoracic spine

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11
Q

increases inertia –> ribcage

A

increasing the diameter (fxnal diameter of the spine)

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12
Q

articulations of the ribcage

A

manubriosternal and xiphisternal joints

costovertebral joint

costotransverse joint

chostochondral joints

chondrosternal joints

interchondral joints

floating ribs

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13
Q

manubriosternal joints

A

each joint is synchondrosis

it moves as one unit

built for stability

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14
Q

costovertebral joint

A

the first 2 ways that the ribs attach posteriorly to the vertebral column

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15
Q

costovertebral joint articulation

A

joint formed by the head of the rib and 2 demifacets found on adjacent thoracic vertebrae

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16
Q

ribs 10-12 costovertebral joints

A

have only 1 articular facet on their head to articulate w/ one thoracic vertebrae

affects the mobility of those ribs

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17
Q

description of costovertebral joints

A

a plane synovial joint

composed of slightly convex head of the rib articulating w/ 2 concave demifacets on the thoracic vertebrae

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18
Q

motions at the costovertebral joint

A

rotation and gliding

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19
Q

ligaments and joint capsule –>costovertebral joint

A

each surface is joined by a thin fibrous capsule and supplying ligaments

radiate ligament

interosseous ligament

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20
Q

radiate ligament –> costovertebral joint

A

firmly connects to the capsule and has 3 bands

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21
Q

radiate ligament fxn –> costovertebral joint

A

hold the head of the rib to the costovertebral joint

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22
Q

interosseous ligament –> costovertebral joint

A

ribs 2-10

lies w/in the capsule

tethers the head of the rib to the annulus that lies b/w the demifacets

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23
Q

another name for the interosseous ligament

A

interarticular ligament

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24
Q

the tenth rib is a

A

transitional rib

can articulate with 1 or 2 demifacets

sometimes has an interosseous ligament

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25
costotransverse joint
the second way the ribs attach posteriorly to the vertebral column
26
articulation of the costotransverse joint
formed by the articulation of the costal tubercle of the rib w/ a costal facet on the transverse process of the 1st-10th thoracic vertebrae
27
why don't the 11th and 12th ribs have costotransverse joints
don't have articular tubercles --> no costotransverse joint sometimes the 10th won't have either b/c it is transitional
28
the 11th and 12th ribs are
less stable b/c they have one less attachment more mobility
29
costotransverse joint description
plan synovial joint composed of the concave costal facet and the convex costal tubercle from T1-T6 or T7 allowing some rotation b/w segments
30
costotransverse joint from T7 or T8-T10
both articular surfaces are flat, where gliding motions predominate
31
ligaments and capsule -->costotransverse joint
the joint capsule is strengthened by 3 major ligaments interosseous ligament lateral and superior costotransverse ligaments
32
what is the lateral costotransverse ligament also called
posterior costotransverse ligament
33
chostochondral joints
composed of the first through the seventh ribs articulating with costal cartilages
34
chostochondral joints description
synchondrosis surrounded by periosteum built for stability no ligamentous support when the ribs move, the costal cartilage will move
35
chondrosternal joints
composed of the costal cartilages articulating with the manubriosternal
36
chondrosternal joints --> ribs 2-7
there is some movement thin capsule that is reinforced by posterior and anterior radiate ligaments doesn't move the manubrium***
37
first chondrosternal joint
when the first rib moves --> the manubrium will move --> sternum will move no mobility b/w the joint
38
interchondral joints
8th-10th costal cartilages articulate with cartilage immediately above them attaching the sternum by a fused costal cartilage
39
floating ribs
11th and 12th ribs have no attachment to the sternum no attachments anteriorly or to the transverse process
40
are the 11th and 12th ribs entirely floating
no they attach to the vertebrae by a costovertebral joint
41
shape of the ribs
slope downward from medial to lateral aspect from the posterior vertebral attachments to their anterior sternal attachment -->ribs slope downward **not the costal cartilage but the ribs***
42
first rib
costal cartilage is very stiff chondrosternal joint is cartilaginous and not synovial permitting very little movement
43
first ribs articulates
@ the costovertebral joint with a single facet no interosseous ligament increased mobility of the first rib at the costovertebral joint
44
what does the first rib do during inspiration
elevate and move superiorly and posteriorly at the costovertebral joint if the posterior portion moves, the anterior part is going to move --> manubrium follows --> sternum follows
45
ribs 2-10 axis of motion
there is a common axis for movement at the costotransverse and costovertebral joints
46
ribs 2-10 --> axis of motion
line drawn that intersects both joints axis will change position from the superior ribs to the inferior ribs
47
ribs 2-7 axis
closer to the frontal plane
48
at inferior ribs (8-10) axis
closer to the sagittal plane
49
superior ribs (2-7) axis
closer to the frontal plane "pump handle motion"
50
pump handle motion
upward and forward motion of the ribs results in increased anterior-posterior diameter of the chest
51
inferior ribs (8-10) axis
closer to the sagittal plane "bucket handle motion"
52
bucket handle motion
upward and lateral movement of the ribs results in increased medial-lateral diameter of the chest
53
ribs 11-12 floating ribs
no anterior attachment articulate posteriorly w/ only a single vertebral facet no costotransverse joint
54
what does the diaphragm attach to
ribs 11-12
55
what is important for adequate diaphragmatic muscle tension
11th and 12th ribs must be stabilized quadratus lumborum
56
sternum
d/t the closed kinematic chain formed by the ribs and sternum there must be sternal motion when you have rib movement
57
the sternum will move
upward resulting in increased anterior-posterior diameter of the chest
58
what happens to allow movement of the sternum
twisting of the costal cartilage that allows for movement
59
as you age
the flexibility of the costal cartilage decrease --> decreased flexibility with limit inspiration ---> less diameter of the chest wall ----> increased pressure -----> harder to breathe
60
costochondritis
inflammation of the costal cartilage painful with inspiration
61
elasticity of ribcage
relaxation of the inspiratory muscles passive recoil of the ribcage d/t unwinding of the costal cartilage
62
elasticity is responsible for
quiet respiration

Kines exam 3 (14 decks)

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