Spine And Deep Back Flashcards by Emily Campbell

Name vertebra type and component A

Bifid spinous process

Cervical Vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component B

Superior Articular Facet

Cervical Vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component C

Posterior tubercle

Cervical vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component D

Transverse foramen

Cervical Vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component E

Anterior tubercle

Cervical Vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component F

Uncinate process

Cervical Vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component G

Body

Cervical Vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component H

Transverse process with sulcus for spinal n.

Cervical Vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component I

Pedicle

Cervical Vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component J

Lamina

Cervical Vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component K

Vertebral foramen

Cervical Vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component A

Spinous process

Thoracic Vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component B

Lamina

Thoracic Vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component C

Transverse process

Thoracic vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component D

Superior articular facet

Thoracic vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component E

Superior vertebral notch

Thoracic vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component F

Body

Thoracic vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component G

Superior costal facet

Thoracic vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component H

Inferior costal facet

Thoracic vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component I

Pedicle

Thoracic vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component J

Costal facet on transverse process

Thoracic vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component A

Spinous process

Lumbar vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component B

Superior articular facet

Lumbar vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component C

Mamillary process

Lumbar vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name vertebra type and component D

Transverse process Lumbar vertebra

Name vertebra type and component E

Superior articular process Lumbar vertebra

Name vertebra type and component F

Superior vertebral notch Lumbar vertebra

Name vertebra type and component G

Body Lumbar vertebra

Name vertebra type and component H

Vertebral foramen Lumbar vertebra

Name vertebra type and component I

Vertebral arch Lumbar vertebra

Vertebral body function

Support of body weight

Vertebral arch function

Protection of spinal cord

Vertebral spinous and transverse processes function

Muscle attachment and movement

Vertebral articular processes function

Restrict movement

Changes in vertebrae with advancing age

Decrease in bone density Articular surfaces bow inward Compression at periphery Osteophytes form in response

Primary spinal curvatures

Thoracic and Sacral (Kyphosis)

Secondary spinal curvatures

Cervical and Lumbar (Lordosis)

Describe excessive kyphosis

Excessive flexion of thoracic spine

Describe excessive lordosis

Excessive extension of lumbar spine

Describe scoliosis

Sideways curvature of the spine

Components of the intervertebral disk

Anulus fibrosis Nucleus pulposus Hyaline cartilage end plate

Herniation of the intervertebral disc

Nucleus pulposus extrusion posterolaterally into intervertebral foramen due to anulus fibrosis breakdown. Impacts spinal nerve at the lower level of herniation

Anterior longitudinal lig. attachments

to anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs

Anterior longitudinal lig. function

stabilizes vertebral column and prevents hyperextension

Posterior longitudinal lig. attachments

to posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs

Posterior longitudinal lig. function

prevents hyperflexion of the vertebral column

Ligamentum flavum attachments

interconnect adjacent laminae

Ligamentum flavum function

resist terminal flexion between vertebrae

Supraspinous lig. attachments

to apices of spinous processes C7 to sacrum

Interspinous lig. attachments

interconnect adjacent spinous processes

Intertransverse lig. attachments

interconnect adjacent transverse processes

Nuchal ligament structure and function

Structure: Median fibroelastic septum Function: Attachment for Splenius Capitis (cervical muscles), prevents excessive cervical flexion

Six primary movements of spine

Extension Flexion Lateral extension Lateral flexion Rotation of head and neck Rotation of upper trunk

Discuss how amount of flexion & extension motion differs between regions of the spine

Cervical has most flexion & extension Lumbar has second most Thoracic least

Discuss how amount of axial rotation motion differs between regions of the spine

Cervical has most rotation (specifically C1-C2) Thoracic has second Lumbar has least

Discuss how amount of lateral flexion motion differs between regions of the spine

Cervical has most lateral flexion Lumbar has second most Thoracic has least

Extrinsic back muscles

Superficial (axio-appendicular): Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Levator scapulae Rhomboids Intermediate: Serratus posterior superior Serratus posterior inferior

Intrinsic back muscles

Superficial: Splenius capitis Splenius cervicis Intermediate: Erector spinae ([lateral to medial]: Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis) Deep: Semispinalis Multifidus Rotatores Interspinales Intertransversarii

Serratus posterior superior attachments

from... spinous processes of C7-T3 to... inferior borders of ribs 2-5

Serratus posterior superior innervation

intercostal nn. (T1-4)

Serratus posterior inferior attachments

from... spinous processes of T11-L2 to... inferior borders of ribs 9-12

Serratus posterior inferior innervation

intercostal nn. (T9-12)

Erector spinae attachments

from... TLF attached to the sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes L5-T11, supraspinous lig., angles of ribs to... costal angles (iliocostalis), ribs & transverse processes (longissimus), and spinous processes (spinalis) 1. Spinalis: thoracis, cervicis, capitis (represented as semispinalis capitis) 2. Longissimus: capitis, cervicis, thoracis 3. Iliocostalis: cervicis, thoracis, lumborum

Erector spinae innervation

Lateral br. or dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Semispinalis attachments

from... transverse processes to... distant superior spinous processes 1. Semispinalis: capitis, cervicis, thoracis

Semispinalis innervation

Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Multifidus attachments

from... sacrum, posterior sacroiliac ligament, posterior iliac spine, transverse processes to... more superior spinous processes multifidus: sacral, lumbar, thoracic, cervical

Multifidus innervation

Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Rotatores longus and brevis attachments

transverse to spinous process of vertebra above (1-2 levels)

Rotatores longus and brevis innervation

Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Interspinales attachments

between spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae cervical (6), thoracic (2-3), lumbar (4)

Intertransversarii attachments

between the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae

Fascia of the thoracolumbar area

Thoracolumbar fascia: posterior, middle, anterior layers

Meningeal covering of spinal cord

Dura mater Arachnoid mater Bonded to inner dura in vivo Pia mater Denticulate ligaments

Describe the structural changes and clinical findings of spinal stenosis

Narrowing of vertebral canal - Causes compression of one or more of the spinal nerve roots occupying the inferior vertebral canal - Presents with motor and sensory symptoms in the lower extremity